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Practical Physiognomy 


A Psychological Study of the Face 


No. II OF SERIES ON CHARACTER READING 


Over Three Hundred Illustrations 


BY 

JESSIE ALLEN FOWLER 

AUTHOR OF “BRAIN ROOFS AND PORTICOS” 


<" 

44 As a man ihinketh, so is he.” 


New York 

FOWLER & WELLS CO. 


London 

L. N. FOWLER & CO. 









CONTENTS 




CHAPTER I 

The Study of the Face. 1 

CHAPTER II 

The Nose as a Sign of Character.11 

CHAPTER III 

Eyes as an Index of Character .. 24 

CHAPTER IV 

Ears, and How They Reveal Character, Disposition and Longevity.... 35 

CHAPTER V 

Mouths, Large and Small ; Lips and their Significance. 48 

CHAPTER VI 

Chins and Jaws ; Their Interpretation.. .. GO 

CHAPTER VII 

The Forehead, Its Shape, and the Lines Found Thereon. 72 

CHAPTER VIII 

The Voice as an Index of Character. 84 

CHAPTER IX 

Graphology : Its Psychologic Interpretation. 96 

CHAPTER X 

The Science of Piedology, and How Character is Manifested in the 

Walk. 108 

CHAPTER XI 

The Hand Phrenologically Considered. 120 

CHAPTER XII 

Physiognomical Study of Character as seen in (a) The Handshake; 

(b) The Hair.. 


129 


















































































































■ 



































' 














































PREFACE 


There is an overwhelming evidence of the usefulness of Physiognomy in 
all walks of life. One of the most recent evidences is shown by the use made 
of this Science by the New York Police Department. Commissioner Waldo 
recently sent Captain Faurot to Paris to study Bertillon’s new system of 
detecting criminals by the shape of the nose and ear. The Commissioner, 
when speaking of this new Bertillon system, said : “You must understand 
that the detectives now work in a scientific manner formerly impossible. We 
are practically criminal scientists.” 

Another sign of advancement in the right direction comes to us in a 
speech recently made by Wm. J. Gaynor, Mayor of New York City, who 
remarked that “the public schools are giving their pupils a uniform mind, and 
therefore a uniform face.” He considered that a uniform education makes 
people look alike, and said that children of all nationalities are coming out 
of the schools with faces different from those of their forefathers, and an 
American face is now coming out of the common schools, because the mind, 
he said, does affect the body, beyond any doubt whatever. 

Thus the Science of Mind as expressed in the Face is being put to 
practical service in 1912. 

J. A. F. 


New York, January, 1912. 




























































































































































































-CHAPTER I. 


Physiognomy, or the Study of the Face. 

By Jessie Allen Fowler. 


Physiognomy in its practical appli¬ 
cation was studied by the early Greeks, 
Romans, and Chinese, and many are 
the books written from time to time 
on this interesting phase of character. 


In a practical sense physiognomy 
may ]be defined as a knowledge of the 
correspondence between the external 
and the internal being, or between the 
physical system and the mental or 



THE LOVING FACE. 








2 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



character behind it; or as the mind is, 
so is the form, and the mind shapes 
the face. If the head is covered up 
by the hair and the hat, the face will 
act as a mirror to the active qualities 
of the mind. The changes that take 
place in the head register themselves 
in the face, for the mind acts upon the 
nerves of the face, and they react up¬ 
on the muscles, and the muscles give 
expression. If this were not the case, 
how would the acts of the hardened 
criminal become so permanently and 
truthfully impressed upon the face? 

The face reveals much that can be 
easily detected concerning the activity 
of the faculties of the mind in a con¬ 
centrated way. It is often said that 
a person may assume an expression 


THE PYRIFORM FACE. 


spiritual which animates and controls 
it; between the manifest effect of the 
hidden cause, and of the signs by 
means of which this correspondence 
is expressed in the face and other 
parts of the body. As an art, it con¬ 
sists of reading character by means 
of its indications in the developments 
of the body as a whole, but more par¬ 
ticularly of the face. It derives its 
name from the Greek words physis: 
nature; and gnomon: knowing, signi¬ 
fying a knowledge of nature. 

If Physiology is a key to unlock the 
mysteries of the body, and Phrenology 
a key to understand the mind, then 
Physiognomy is a mirror for both. To 
a great extent, we may safely say, that 
as is the form of the face, so is the 


THE ROUND FACE. 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


3 



Retiring; the Red; the Pale; also the 
Intelligent; the Foolish; the Pleasant; 
the Painful; the Regular; the Irregu¬ 
lar; the Painted; the Powdered; the 
Enameled ; the Pimpled ; the Freckled; 
the Crying and the Smiling Face. 

A well-formed face is a good sign, 
while a twisted, badly shaped face is 
not; a small, delicate face means weak¬ 
ness, while a large, strong face means 
hardihood. A clean, fair, full face in¬ 
dicates health and purity of life. 
Tyrants generally have hard faces; 
philanthropists generally have kind 
ones. Inspiration lights up the face, 
and makes it shine as the face of 
Moses shone when he came down from 
the mountain; and David must have 
felt sure that there was some benefi¬ 
cence to the face, for he prayed that 
the face of the Lord might shine so 
that the people might be saved. The 


THE JOYOUS FACE. 


without living the character that is as- 
1 sumed, but anything unnatural or arti¬ 
ficial in the expression or tones of 
voice can be detected from that which 
is natural, true and sincere. 

It is a fact, however, that the head 
reveals the character before it makes 
its marks on the face, and it is only 
when the character and disposition 
fully express themselves in the life of 
the individual, that the face indicates 
such impressions. 

Though there are three principal 
forms, of face, the Long, the Round 
and the Short, which we will describe 
later, yet there are many combinations 
that are noticeable which we might 
mention here, as follows: 

The Large; the Small; the Narrow; 
the Smooth ; the Rough; the Healthy; 
the Flandsome; the Homely; the Sick¬ 
ly; the Hard; the Soft; the Bold; the 


THE SAD FACE. 









4 


PRACTICAL ii PHYSIOGNOMY 



THE LONG FACE. 


face of Christ shone as the sun, and 
His raiment was as bright as the light 
when He was transfigured before 
Peter, James and John. 

A face as a rule tells the story of life 
that the individual has led; also the 
condition of the mind, the intentions 
of the individual, and his success, fail¬ 
ure, happiness, misery, hope, despair, 
love, hatred and thoughts. If the 
thoughts are evil, the face will indi¬ 
cate evil thoughts; if the thoughts are 
spiritual, the face will indicate a spirit¬ 
ual countenance. As the keys of the 
piano make up a wonderful variety 
of melodies, so the emotions of the 
mind contribute to make as many 
kinds of faces. The human face tells 
a long, large and varied story of many 
volumes, and photography as an in¬ 


terpreter of character is a great aid in 
its unfoldment. 

L. N. Fowler, in his “Revelations of 
the Face,” says that “the face is a can¬ 
vas where, or on which, the inner life 
is portrayed.” He remarked that “joy 
illumines it, sadness depresses it; sat¬ 
isfaction smoothes it, disappointment 
ruffles it; hatred hardens it, love mel¬ 
lows it; sin deforms it, purity perfects 
it; selfishness contracts it, sympathy 
expands it.” There are faces whose 
expression is loveliness itself, and 
there are faces that carry a benedic¬ 
tion with them. The face of Stephen 
was radiant while he was being stoned 
to death. None have the angelic look 
but those who are angelic; an angel 
cannot look like a devil until he be¬ 
comes devilish. Some men have only 



Photo by Rock-wood . 
THE SHORT FACE. 





PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


5 



Photo by Rockwood. 

THE THOUGHTFUL FACE. 

one face; others have many faces, or 
at least, varied expressions. Mr. 
Reinard supports a growing family by 
the changes that he makes with his 
face, and it is curious to note how a 
person can appear to be laughing on 
one side of his face, while the other is 
screwed up with anguish. 

Physiognomy is not mere instinct, 
for it is based on laws of anatomy, 
from a scientific point of view, and its 
application is the art of reading char¬ 
acter from a person’s face; while 
Phrenology is the science which reads 
the characteristics of people from the 
shape of the head. 

The brain, being the principle which 
determines the character of individ¬ 
uals, is the seat of the mind or in¬ 
tellect. With the brain are united 
nerves which are the interpreters of 


the senses, but the head is the only 
part of the human being which con¬ 
tains brain, though nerves, bones, 
flesh, muscle and blood are to be found 
in various parts of the body and head. 

A very cursory glance at certain 
positive conditions in human nature 
will demonstrate the scientific nature 
of Physiognomy, and a trifling meas¬ 
ure of observation enables one to note 
the marked difference in the distinc¬ 
tive types of form, color and propor¬ 
tion in the development of the differ¬ 
ent races, whether one’s study be de¬ 
voted to the American Indian, the 
Ethiopian, the Chinaman, the Hindoo, 
the Phillipino, or the European. Even 
little children, when they first go to 
school, learn to discriminate between 
the distinctive color and development 
of their schoolmates, and they soon 
leant to understand something of their 
various mental characteristics. In 
fact, children are very quick to dis¬ 
cern mental differences, and as a rule 
are good physiognomists. 

In this country there is an excellent 
opportunity afforded the people to 
study forms of face, and to make 
themselves familiar with the various 




THE LAUGHING FACE. 







6 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



THE LARGE FACE. 


characteristics that show themselves oil 
the faces of scores of our own immi¬ 
grant population. 

Among the early writers on the sub¬ 
ject, we find that Pythagoras was one 
of the strongest believers in this sub¬ 
ject in his day, and he not only be¬ 
lieved it, but taught and practised it. 
Aristotle was another celebrated 
Greek who wrote on the subject, and 
applied its use to the characteristics 
of animals. Zopyrus, and others of 
his countrymen, believed in it. Among 
the Romans, we find that Cicero and 
Julius Caesar, of Rome, were loud in 
their praises of the subject, while Bap- 
tista della Porta was a worthy Italian 
who, in 1586 , wrote an interesting 
work on this subject, called “De 
Humana Physiognomia,” and revived 
this theory of character reading, and 
carried it out still further. Among 


Frenchmen, Cureau de la Chambie, 
physician to Louis XIII., and De La 
Sarthe showed their interest in the 
subject. Camper, who was a physiol¬ 
ogist, sought to deduce the degrees 
of intelligence of different types of 
heads from the size of the facial an¬ 
gle, and took considerable pains to 
explain his ideas. In the head of 
Europeans, he found the angle to be 
about eighty degrees, and a char¬ 
acter of sublime and more than human 
beauty was given by the ancient artists 
to the heads of their gods by making 
the angle still greater, amounting in 
some cases to one hundred degrees. 

Lavater went further than his prede¬ 
cessors in the study, and produced an 
elaborate book on the subject, and 
illustrated his views with many types 
of heads denoting the different char¬ 
acteristics, and traced the relation be¬ 
tween the physical and moral nature 
of man. Since his day, we have had 



THE WRINKLED FACE. 





PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


7 



THE REGULAR FACE. 


a number of writers on the subject, 
notably Blumenbach, Spurzheim, Sir 
Charles Bell, Bichat and Broussais; 
and of still more modern date we 
should not fail to mention Alexander 
Walker, James W. Redfield, Mategat- 
zer, Darwin, S. R. Wells, L. N. Fow¬ 
ler and McDowell. All of these writ¬ 
ers have taken up the various phases 
of physiognomical expression, while 
other minor writers have largely 
copied from their works. 

In considering a subject like this, 
the face as a whole should be taken 
into account, and its divisions pointed 
out. Thus if we take the modern 
temperaments as a guide, we shall find 
that its divisions are three in number, 
namely: the Chemical, Architectural 
and Mathematical. (i) The Chemical 
Division is from the tip of the chin to 
the lowest point of the ear, around to 
the curve of the nose. ( 2 ) The Archi¬ 
tectural Division is between the curve 
or lips of the nose to the forehead. 


( 3 ) The Mathematical Division is 
from the lower arch of the forehead 
to the top of the forehead. The 
1 st includes the domestic and animal 
powers, and the functions that pro¬ 
vide the body with material warmth 
and vigor, namely, arterial blood, and 
it corresponds with the Vital, San¬ 
guine and Lymphatic Temperaments. 
The 2 nd includes the osseous and 
muscular system, with its high cheek 
bones, and includes, the artistic, liter¬ 
ary and ingenious qualities. It corre¬ 
sponds with the Motive and Bilious 
Temperament. The 3 rd includes the 
mental powers, namely the mathemati¬ 
cal and critical'qualities, and corre¬ 
sponds with the Mental, Nervous and 
Cephalic Temperaments. 

We might also say that there are 
three forms of faces from another 
point of view, namely, the Long Face; 



THE IRREGULAR FACE. 



THE FOOLISH FACE. 





8 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



THE HEALTHY FACE. 


the Round Face; and the Pyriform 
Face, as we have already stated. The 
Long Face indicates a predominance 
of the bones, ligaments and muscles,or 
the Motive Temperament, and is gen¬ 
erally indicative of speed, activity and 
directness of movements, as shown in 
the Baroness Burdett Coutts. The 
Motive Temperament usually pre¬ 
dominates in persons of this type, and 
they are generally found among those 
persons who are tall in figure, dark in 
complexion, and who possess an 
abundance of strong, dark hair. De¬ 
cision of character and great endur¬ 
ance are generally distinctive marks of 
the long face. Persons of this type 
are usually keen observers, and are 
iAund among our scientific men and 
Women. Men of action, too, belong 
tr this type of face. Thus our Gen¬ 
erals in the Army, and our Admirals 
on the sea, our Farmers in the fields, 
and Speakers who are bold and elo¬ 
quent, are recognized as belonging to 
this distinctive type. 


Persons who possess a round face 
with full features and ruddy com¬ 
plexion, are known for their impul¬ 
siveness, versatility and geniality of 
mind. These possess the Vital Tem¬ 
perament. They are the opposite of 
those persons described under the 
above head, and therefore have more 
elasticity and ease of manner than 
firmness, or determination of char¬ 
acter. They win their laurels by their 
geniality rather than through hard 
work, through their imagination, sen¬ 
timent and ardor, rather than through 
their persistency or depth of mind. 
They are more brilliant, and appear to 
a better advantage than do the 
persons with a long face, and know 
how to make life enjoyable, both for 
themselves and their friends, though* 
their appetites ofetn make them self¬ 
ish and even fickle if they give way 
to their physical pleasures. Their lives 
are generally shorter, either on ac- 



THE SICKLY FACE. 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



Photo by Rockwood. 
THE PLEASANT FACE. 


count of their strong ambition to at¬ 
tain some position of eminence, or 
through their selfishness and passions. 

The third form of face is Pyriform, 
which indicates that the Mental Tem¬ 
perament is strongly represented, for 
in this type the forehead is generally 
high and pale, the features delicate 
and finely chiseled, the eye bright and 
expressive, the hair fine and soft, the 
chest rather narrow, the limbs small, 
with a general delicacy of form and 
gracefulness of bearing. The brain 
and nervous system are supreme, and 
the mind responds quickly to outward 
and inward impressions; while the im¬ 
agination is brilliant, and there is an 
ample amount of literary and artistic 


talent. The Pyriform face should ac¬ 
company a matured mind, and show 
experience rather than animal appe¬ 
tites or sentiment. It should also take 
on the spiritual, ethical and aesthetic 
tendencies of mind, and where it is 
developed in an extreme form it will 
often accompany a frail constitution. 

If, however, the face is broad rather 
than long, and has a tendency toward 
shortness of outline, there is more of 
a tendency to condense the activity of 
life within a shorter period of years, 
than is noticeable in the round face. 
In Peabody, Carnegie and Queen Vic¬ 
toria, we see fine examples of the com¬ 
bination of the round, full and broad 
types which have yielded kindliness, 
geniality, ardor, sympathy, as well as 
economy, shrewdness and versatility 
of mind. 

The authorities that should be 
studied on this subject are Plato in his 



THE BOLD FACE 









10 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



THE SERIOUS FACE. 

“Physiognomy”; James W. Redfield, 
in “Comparative Physiognomy”; Nel¬ 
son Sizer and Henry S. Drayton, 
M.D., in “Heads and Faces”; Samuel 
R. Wells, in “Physiognomy”; Bichat, 
De La Sarthe and Broussais, in their 
works on the subject ; A. T. Story, in 
“The Face as Indicative of Char¬ 
acter”; A. I. Oppenheim, in “Phreno- 
Physiognomy”; J. Coates, in “How to 
Read Faces”; and L. N. Fowler, in 
“Face Indicative,” 


THE HOPEFUL FACE. 


work on “Timaeo”; Shakespeare in his 
play of “Julius Caesar”; Baptista della 
Porta, in his work on “De Humana 
Physiognomia”; Lavater’s work on 
“Physiognomical Fragments”; M. 
Zimmerman, the celebrated physician 
of Hanover, in his work on “Frag¬ 
ments”; Sir Charles Bell, in his “An¬ 
atomy of Expression”; Charles Dar¬ 
win, in his work on “The Expression 
of the Emotions”; Spurzheim, in his 
“Physiognomical System”; Alexander 
Walker, of England, in his work on 









CHAPTER II 


The Nose as a Sign of Character. 

By Jessie Allen Fowler. 


Lavater once said that a nose 
physiognomically good is of unspeak¬ 
able weight as an• indication of char¬ 
acter. and we have only to go 
back to the early days to realize how 
much the people then thought of the 
proper development of this most con¬ 


spicuous feature of the face. Porta, 
De La Chambre, Albert and others 
speculate a good deal as to the sign of 
character that the nose indicates. To¬ 
day even more than in olden times the 
nose is studied as an index to a per¬ 
son’s disposition. 



No. i. James Parton. 

No. 2. A. M. Rice. 

No. 3. Wm. M. Evarts. 
No. 4. General Wisewell. 


No. 5. Emperor Paul of Russia. 
No. 6. George Eliot. 

No. 7. King Frederick the Strong. 
No. 8. Prof. George Bush. 


General Napier, 
Otho the Great. 
African. 










12 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



THE ROMAN NOSE. 


We therefore take pleasure in call¬ 
ing attention to some of the most im¬ 
portant features concerning this very 
interesting part of our physiognomy. 

When a head has been covered with 
a large amount of hair, and the hair 
again covered by a large and beautiful 
hat, we have undertaken to delineate 
a person’s partial character by the 
nose and other features of the face, 
as we find that there are distinguish¬ 
ing traits of character which corre¬ 
spond in head and face, and our ex¬ 
perience has told us that there are 
rules for estimating some points of 
the disposition of an individual by the 
shape of .his nose. We will therefore 
divide the nose into five principal 
classes, and from these subdivide 
them into other varieties,, as, for in¬ 
stance : 

(1) The Roman or executive 
nose. 

( 2 ) The Greek or artistic nose. 

( 3 ) The Jewish or commercial 
nose. 


( 4 ) The Celestial or inquisitive 
nose. 

( 5 ) The Snub or undeveloped 
nose. 

From these we have the Cogitative 
nose,' the Apprehensive nose, the Mel¬ 
ancholic nose, the Inquisitive nose, the 
Combative nose, the Irritable nose, the 
Aggressive nose, the Defensive nose, 
the Toper’s nose, the Secretive nose, 
the Confiding nose, and the Acquisi¬ 
tive nose. 

We find, further, that we cannot 
take up the subject of noses without 
recognizing that various nations have 
formed a nose peculiarly their own. 
We have seen that the Roman Nose 
is executive; the Greek Nose artistic; 
the Jewish Nose commercial; while 
the American Nose is a combination of 
the Grecian and Roman; the Ger¬ 
man Nose is broad; the English Nose 
is thick and wide at the nostrils; the 
Irish Nose is one of self-defense, in¬ 
quisitive and slightly retrousse 
among the lower classes, and Greco- 
Roman among the higher classes; the 
French Nose is thin and sharp; the 
Russian Nose is snubo-celestial among 
the low classes, and strong or com- 












PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


L3 



manding in the higher classes; the 
Laps and Finns have flat noses; the 
Indian American has an aggressive, 
crooked nose; the Negro has a flat¬ 
tened and shortened nose; the Mon¬ 
golian Nose is a variety of the celes¬ 
tial, with a combination of the snub- 
flattened appearance. 

THE ROMAN NOSE. 

We will first study the Roman or 
executive type. This nose indicates a 
full degree of energy, decision and 
aggressiveness. It is the nose of the 




A GRECIAN NOSE. 

conqueror, and has sometimes been 
called “the royal nose,” and there are 
many illustrations on coins, in nui.ble, 
and among portraits, to show that the 
conquerors of the world have pos¬ 
sessed this form and outline. It is 
the nose of power and dominion, and 
seeks personal aggrandizement, and 
pushes toward its object with energy, 
stern determination, and an utter dis¬ 
regard for the little courtesies of life. 
It is the nose that strongly projects, 
and has a ridge, or unharmonious pro¬ 
jection, at the nasal bone near the 
root. 

Among the ancient artists, we find 
that Jupiter, Hercules and Minerva 
were given this kind of a nose. Proofs 
of this characteristic nose can be 
found in Julius Caesar, Lord Welling- 



A COMMERCIAL NOSE. 


AN ACQUISITIVE NOSE. 


IM¬ 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


ton, Charlemagne, Columbus, Robert 
Bruce, Queen Elizabeth, Andrew 
Jackson, Winfield Scott, Zachary 
Taylor, and others. These persons all 
showed great power of endurance, un¬ 


daunted courage, steadfastness of 
purpose, and even a reckless disregard 
for personal safety. 

THE GREEK NOSE. 

This is a naturally refined and artis- 


JAN KUBELIK, the Violinist. 
(1) A Broad Brow. (2) Large Tune. 


(A Musical Nose) 
(3) Ideally. 



(4) Memory, 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



tic type of nose, and persons possess¬ 
ing it are lovers of the beautiful in na¬ 
ture and in art. As its name indi¬ 
cates, it comes from the wonderful 
art-loving Greeks, in whose physiog¬ 
nomy it was a prominent characteris¬ 
tic. It is the nose not only of artists, 
but of poets, and of persons highly 
cultured and refined. It is the most 
even and symmetrically formed nose 



15 



SUSPICIOUS 


there is, although large and project¬ 
ing, but has no unevenness. The an¬ 
cient sculptors gave this nose to Juno, 
Venus and Apollo, and all the rest of 
their more refined deities. ^Persons 





16 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



possessing this type of nose will exert 
themselves in lines of work which 
harmonize with their individual tastes, 
but they find it difficult to engage in 
pursuits which are in opposition to 
their tastes. 

Among the illustrious examples of 
persons possessing this kind of nose 
we might mention Canova, Rubens, 
Titian, Raphael, Milton, Spencer, Ad¬ 
dison, Byron, Madam de Stael, Mrs. 
Hemans, Hannah More, Maria Edge- 
worth, Isabella of Castile, Catherine II 
of Russia, Heloise, Petrarch’s Laura, 
Dante’s Beatrice, and Beatrice Cenci, 
among others. 

It shows to a much better advan¬ 
tage on the face of a .woman than on 
a man, for it agrees or corresponds 
with her superior refinement of char¬ 
acter. It shows a sense of perfection, 
not only in a person’s work, but in the 
things that surround him. 

When the Greek Nose combines 
with the Roman, it forms a very beau¬ 
tiful outline. 


THE JEWISH OR COMMERCIAL NOSE. 15 

This form of nose is found com¬ 
monly among men of commerce, and 
almost universally among the He¬ 
brews or Jews. Its strong character¬ 
istic manifests itself in trading, and 
all successful traders generally have 
this acquisitive, penetrating, commer¬ 
cial, traveling, antiquarian and Syrian 
nose. It possesses a curve about half¬ 
way down its length, and often pro¬ 
jects beyond the opening of the nos¬ 
tril over the upper lip. In the pic¬ 
tures of the Egyptians, Phoenicians, 
Syrians and Jews, we find this type of 
nose very general. It is sometimes 
called the “hawk nose,” because the 
septum is elongated, and forms almost 
a beak by its length. 

When traveling in the East, we 
found many examples of this type 
among the Arab Jews, and these were 
known for their trading disposition. 

This nose signifies shrewdness, 
worldly wisdom, insight into charac¬ 
ter, and ability to amass property. It 
is the width of the nose rather than 
the length that gives it its acquisitive, 
economical, saving disposition. This 
nose is so well known that it hardly 
needs any illustration, but the follow¬ 
ing will serve as good types, namely, 
those possessed by Mahommet, Coreg- 
gio, Vespasian and Peter StuyvesanL 

THE CELESTIAL OR INQUISITIVE NQSE. 



CELESTIAL 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


V7 



This nose is generally recognized as 
belonging to the fair sex.' It resem¬ 
bles the snub nose in length, but the 
point turns up instead of being round 
at the apex. It is a delicately chiseled 
nose, and generally shows inquisitive¬ 
ness, or, as some have said, the per¬ 
petual interrogation point. It is the 
nose that seeks dependence upon oth¬ 
ers, and persons possessing this type 
generally look up to those possessing 
a Roman or Commercial nose, as great 
strength of character, independence of 
mind, and power to stand alone do 
not come into the category of virtues 
connected with this type. The Gibson 
girl possesses this outline to perfec¬ 
tion. As most men admire women 
who look up to them for aid and coun¬ 
sel, there is no lack of admirers among 
the sterner sex for this style of nose in 
womankind. 

The true celestial nose presents a 
continuous inner curve, or concavity, 
from the root to the tip, where it 
slopes off in a point to the upper lip. 

Persons possessing this nose make 
good inspectors among women, be¬ 
cause they are bound to find out all 
the information they seek, though 
sometimes to the annoyance of those 
whom they interrogate. It is the nose 
that detects delicate perfumes or dis¬ 
agreeable odors; an escape of gas, for 


instance, would be readily recognized 
by the person possessing such a nose, 
while the commercial nose would not 
show this capacity. Such a nose also 
takes some pleasure, even delight, 
from the odors that emanate from a 
restaurant or kitchen in the prepara¬ 
tion of a dinner, or the scent from the 
pine, spruce and fir forests. 

^THE SNUB OR BABY NOSE.'' 

This is the type of nose which 
shows weakness and undevelopment. 
In babies it indicates helplessness and 
tne tendency to lean upon some 
stronger person. It accompanies a 
mind that is unable to decide matters 
for itself, and generally a person hesi¬ 
tates, procrastinates, or puts off until 
to-morrow what is not definitely 
marked out or decided upon. 

It is a nose that is flattened and 
shortened, and it stands in no symmet¬ 
rical form to the face. It is just the 
antipode of the Roman, for just where 
the Roman Nose begins to show a 
convexity, the Snub Nose begins to 
show a concavity; hence it rounds out 
and bends in, and gives the look of 
weakness, instead of that of strong re¬ 
solve. It has seldom been on the 
faces of men and women who have 
accomplished any great purpose in 
life, or built up any magnificent work, 
or undertaken any gigantic enterprise. 



TOPER 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



General BENJAMIN F. TRACY. 

MAURICE WARNER, Violinist. 

ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 

It generally accompanies a person 
who passes along without having 
many ripples, or much to contend 
with, and it leaves the harder, sterner 
problems of life to be solved by the 
ones who have a Roman, Commercial 
or Grecian Nose. 

It shows a lack of Firmness, Self- 
Esteem and Combativeness; hence it 
As_ known by the title, “Baby Nose,” 
as one would not expect an infant to 
have responsibility placed upon it; 
neither would we expect to place on¬ 
erous tasks upon the person with this 
weak and undeveloped feature. A 
few exceptions may be recalled of 
men who have accomplished some spe¬ 
cial purpose with a nose of this de¬ 
scription, but they are rare and ex¬ 
ceptional. Then, again, many persons 
conquer difficulties by silent forces, 
and may be considered great. Such 


persons may possess small noses, and 
may never be known to fame by com¬ 
peting with others in a personal, pub¬ 
lic or popular way. Their portraits 
are not circulated far and near, and 
their influence is rather in the home 
than in building destinies or overcom¬ 
ing opposition. It is recorded that 
James I., George I., the Emperor 
Paul of Russia, and Kosciusko pos¬ 
sessed this kind of nose. If the 
maxim is true that we are led by our 
noses, then it would seem that the 
Snub Nose proved the reasonableness 
of this old saying, because it lacks 
those salient characteristics that ena¬ 
ble it to take the lead. While this 
nose is suitable on the face of a child, 
it is altogether out of place on the 



ANDREW CARNEGIE. 
General HORACE PORTER. 
Rev. ROBERT COLLIER. 














PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


19 



in working out new ideas. 

THE APPREHENSIVE NOSE. 

This type of nose indicates fear, 
and corresponds with the organ of 
Cautiousness. A person having this 
nose is on the anxious seat, and is 
constantly looking out for the turn of 
events. Such a person generally 
shows a deep insight into character, 
and a forecast that predicts what is 
likely to take place. The septum dips 
down slightly below the curve, or 
wing, of the nose, but does not slant 
downward as much as the melancholic^ 
nose. By excessive exercise of the 
organ of fear, a person may become 
highly suspicious and distrustful of 
others. 

THE MELANCHOLIC NOSE. 

Some persons are always forebod¬ 
ing/what the future will bring, and 
persist in looking on the dark side of 
everything. They are despondent, and 
you can always pick them out from a 


Madame VON KLENNER. 

EMPEROR WILLIAM. 

TOLSTOI. 

face of a man who has to take respon¬ 
sibilities, and even upon that of a 
woman who has any active, executive 
work to perform. 

MISCELLANEOUS TYPES. 

While there are five principal noses, 
we mentioned a number of others that 
did not come under this classification, 
and which were really combinations, 
as well as variations, which are true 
to 'life, and may help our readers to 
better understand their neighbors who 
possess them. 

T)ne is the Cogitative Nose, which 
is broad in the wings of the nose, and 
accompanies the ability to invent new 
schemes of work, and to always have 
a new plan ready to take the place of 
the one that is defunct. The shape of 
this nose takes its name from its ca¬ 
pacity for close meditation, intense, 
concentrated thought, and ingenuity 


MASCULINE AND FEMININE NOSE. 
NATIVE OF INDIA, 

BABY NOSE. 
















20 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



WOODROW WILSON. 
Hon. SETH LOW. 
RUSSELL SAGE. 


large number of people and tell them 
by the dip of the nose, or the slant 
from the wings downward. The point 
of the nose covers up a good deal of 
the upper lip, and we find that good 
examples are seen in the pictures of 
Calvin, Dante, Spencer, John Knox, 
Bishop Gardiner and others, who 
have the opposite type of nose from 
Frederick the Great, William Pitt, 
Nelson and Martin Luther. 

THE INQUISITIVE NOSE. 

In the case of the inquisitive nose, 
we find that the horizontal length from 
the lip outward is sharp and well de¬ 
fined. When a person has but little 
fear, and a great deal of inquisitive¬ 
ness, the nose is inclined to turn up 
and stand out from the cheek. Per¬ 
sons with this type of nose are always 
prying into secrets, getting hold of 


the plans of others, and make good 
detectives, teachers and searchers af¬ 
ter truth. 

THE COMBATIVE NOSE. 

This nose evidently takes its 
strength from the organ of Combat¬ 
iveness, and we find the indication of 
a disposition to fight, contend, dispute 
and argue, as all our debaters are em¬ 
inent examples of this fact. The nose 
is not sp straight as the Grecian; it is 
generally somewhat hooked and con¬ 
vex in its center, and shows the power 
to conquer, as well as overcome im¬ 
pediments. 

THE IRRITABLE NOSE. 

A person possessing this nose has a 
combination of Destructiveness and 
Combativeness, with an active devel¬ 
opment of Approbativeness. r These 
faculties make the person very sensi¬ 
tive, quick to take offense, and irri- 



EARL GULICK, Soloist. 
Miss JANE ADDAMS. 
SNUB NOSE. 













PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


21 


1 / 

tated by circumstances which are con¬ 
trary to their plans. He is generally 
sought to defend his friends, espe¬ 
cially those who are weak and timid, 
and there is generally manifested a 
sharp point in the center of the nose, 
a little below that seen on the Roman 
\No se. It is sometimes called the 
“nose of relative defense,” and allied 
to patriotism, and is often found 
among the French and Swiss people. 

THE AGGRESSIVE NOSE. 

This nose is seen largely in all per¬ 
sons who enjoy attacking whatever 
they consider requires strength of 
character. It differs somewhat from 
the relative defence, irritable and com¬ 
bative noses, and we find the point of 
the nose is higher up and nearer the 
eyes, and the nose takes a straight 
downward course below this point, 
which is not the case with the nose of 
the relative defence, which stands out 
sharp and pointed at its apex. Per¬ 
sons having the Aggressive Nose are 
always getting into hot water, as the 
saying is; they enjoy arduous tasks, 
and think nothing of provoking a 
quarrel and differing in opinion from 
both friends and enemies. The Eng¬ 
lish are said to have the Aggressive 
Nose,, or the faculty to attack, more 
largely than any of their neighbors; 
while the French, as we have said, 
have the faculty of relative defence, 
and fight for the glory of their coun¬ 
try rather than for conquest. 

THE toper’s NOSE. 

The Toper’s Nose, as the name in¬ 
dicates, is formed from the irregular 
habits of the individual who possesses 
it. Alcoholic habits indicate disease, 
and disease produces an unsightly 
shape. It is generally highly colored, 
and although erysipelas may show it¬ 
self in the nose similar to that of a 
toper’s, yet, notwithstanding this fact, 
the toper’s nose is a distinct type of its 
own. 

, THE SECRETIVE NOSE. 


This nose resembles the Cogitative 
somewhat in the fact that the breadth 
of the wings, next to the face, indi¬ 
cates the faculty of Secretiveness. It 
corresponds with the breadth of the 
head above and slightly behind the 
ears. We find this characteristic in all 
persons who have an expanded apex 
or end of the nose. 

A good illustration of this nose is 
seen in the American Indian and the 
Chinese, and all persons who seek con¬ 
cealment and lie low, or keep dark, as 
the saying is. It is seen in persons 
who like to button up their coats to 
the chin, who wear a high collar and 
tight cravat; and in ladies who wear 
a tight-fitting dress, and who encase 
the neck, and, in fact, form a compari¬ 
son with those who delight in low- 
necked dresses and loose clothes. 

THE CONFIDING NOSE. 

The indications of this nose are 
seen through the curves of the wings 
being narrower and more contracted 
than those of the Secretive Nose. It 
corresponds with a narrow side head, 
while the broad wings correspond with 
the broad head in the region of Se¬ 
cretiveness. 

THE ACQUISITIVE NOSE. 

The Acquisitive Nose is found on 
persons who have a thickness just 
above the wings and opposite to self- 
defence, which is largely represented 
in the Jews. It gives breadth to the 
nose above the wings. It corresponds 
in the head to the width in the temples, 
which gives large Acquisitiveness, and 
persons who are very economical, and 
make a little go a long way, have this 
type of nose. Stephen Girard, a 
Frenchman by birth, who was the 
founder of the Girard College, Phila¬ 
delphia, who amassed a large fortune 
in this country, and who left two mil¬ 
lion dollars for the erection and sup¬ 
port of the college which bears his 
name, possessed this type of nose. 
Astor was another example of this 


22 


- PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


nose, which is also seen in the Arab 
and the Negro. The sign is not largely 
developed in the typical American 
face, and we do not find that Uncle 
Sam is noted so much for his saving 
propensities as he is for circulating, 
scattering and using his wealth when 
he has it. The desire to save inde¬ 
pendently of acquiring can be recog¬ 
nized at a point nearer the center of 
the nose than that of acquiring wealth, 
and it is noticeable in some people 
that they can save better than acquire ; 
while others can acquire but not save. 
We have noticed that men acquire and 
women save, as a rule. 

THE AMERICAN NOSE. 

As we were taught in our Law 
Course, by Professor Russell, that the 
American nation was hardly old 
enough to form a true national type, 
we might say the same of its features. 
In a general way, however, the fea¬ 
tures correspond with the Motive 
Temperament which is largely repre¬ 
sented in the American people. Thus 
the features are sharp and prominent, 
compared with the English and Ger¬ 
man, or the Anglo-Saxon and Teutonic 
races. The combative, energetic and 
relative defense faculties are all large¬ 
ly represented, and this corresponds 
with our knowledge of the historical 
men who have helped to form Ameri¬ 
can history. 

THE GERMAN NOSE. 

The nose of the German, or Teu¬ 
ton, is broader, but less prominent 
than that of the American, which it 
resembles in the outlines of the ridge. 
Such characteristics as the following 
are fully represented: Secretiveness, 
inquisitiveness, acquisitiveness, econ¬ 
omy, apprehensiveness, comparison, 
analogy and discovery. Jean Paul 
Richter forms a very fine example of 
the German Nose. 

THE ENGLISH NOSE. 

The prominence above the center, 
in the region known as that of attack, 


is more largely developed in the Eng¬ 
lish than in the American or Ger¬ 
man; in fact, it more closely resem¬ 
bles the Roman than any other form. 
It is thicker, and has wider nostrils 
than the American; consequently, it 
indicates aggressiveness, with the ob¬ 
ject to conquer, which is accompanied 
by great force of character. Lord 
Wellington was a good example of 
this type of nose; so was Cardinal 
Newman and Mr. Gladstone. All had 
warriors’ noses, and each showed pa¬ 
tience, endurance and stubborn tenac¬ 
ity 

THE IRISH NOSE. 

The classical type of the refined 
Irishman shows in the Greek and Ro¬ 
man nose, but a large majority of the 
middle class show a prominence in 
the region of self-defence and a de¬ 
cided depression at the root. Hence 
there is a slight tendency to turn out 
and up, though through several gen¬ 
erations, on American soil, it has 
blended satisfactorily with the Ameri¬ 
can, making a much more picturesque 
central feature of the face than ever 
before. Robert Emmet, Robert Ball 
and Sir Thomas Lipton are examples 
of this nose. 

THE FRENCH NOSE. 

The nose of the Frenchman is 
much thinner and sharper than that 
of the German, and shows a much 
smaller degree of aggressiveness than 
is indicated in persons of the aforesaid 
country. The French nose approaches 
to the Grecian type, but carries the 
characteristic of relative defense, 
which corresponds with the quick, 
spontaneous and vivacious disposi¬ 
tion of the French people. 

NATIONAL NOSES. 

The nose of the North American 
Indian closely resembles the Roman 
type, though it lacks the length of the 
latter. All that we have had the oppor¬ 
tunity of examining have shown this 
aggressive, energetic and warlike out- 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


23 


line of nose. The nostrils are very 
large, betokening good lung power. 
Black Hawk makes a very good ex¬ 
ample of this type of nose. 

The nose of the Negro is somewhat 
flattened and shortened. It shows 
pugnacity, but not so much patience 
and endurance as that of the Indian. 
There are many modifications that 
have appeared in this nose through 
circumstances and educational advan¬ 
tages. 

The Mongolian Nose is somewhat 
more of the Celestial type than the 
Snub outline, and is seen in the Chi¬ 
nese and other Oriental and Eastern 
countries. 

The Malayan Nose possesses the 
characteristics of the Roman and 
Commercial, and represents warlike 
and fierce energy without the mellow¬ 
ing influences of mind that are shown 
in the higher cranial developments of 
the Caucasian. Thus the writer of 
'“Brain and Personality,” and his 
school of thinkers, fail tg see that 
character manifests itself in the vari¬ 
ous features of the face and the cere¬ 
bral and cranial developments. If 
they had recognized this fact, such a 
statement as the following would not 
have appeared in the 1907 edition of 
the above-named book. It says: “But, 
as in the case of animal spirits, so 
Phrenology had to disappear before 
facts.” There are facts undisputable, 
if the author of this book would only 
take the trouble to examine them. 

An Explanation of the Noses of 
Sixteen Well-Known People* 

ANDREW CARNEGIE. 

A Broad, Businesslike, Cogitative and 
Acquisitive Nose, and Apprehensive in 
the point. 

THE HON. GROVER CLEVELAND. 

A Nose that is deep set from the 
Cheek to the Outer Rim. The Wings 
are Solid. It shows tremendous Energy 
and more Executiveness than Delicacy. 
THE LATE REV. JOSEPH PAR¬ 
KER, D.D. 

A Short Nose, showing quickness of 


Inspiration, great Eloquence and Ambi¬ 
tion. 

RICHARD CROKER, FORMER 
LEADER OF TAMMANY. 

The Nose of a General, and of a man 
who works to win. It harmonizes with 
his Basilar or Executive Brain. 

HENRY GEORGE. 

A Nose capable of attacking great is¬ 
sues. Its fighting propensity is promi¬ 
nent, and corresponds with the width of 
the head above the ears, and great 
height of head. 

DR. E. P. MILLER. 

A Nose of great Penetration and 
Foresight; the Nose of a Reformer on 
Economic, Financial and Philanthropic 
issues. This corresponds with his width 
of brow and large Conscientiousness. 

THE LATE RUSSELL SAGE. 

A Tactful, Economic and Accumula¬ 
tive Nose, which corresponded with his 
Scientific Insight into the question of 
Finance. 

MRS. SAGE. 

A Thoughtful, Deliberate, yet Liberal 
and Philanthropic Nose. 

ADELAIDE JOHNSON, THE 
SCULPTRESS. 

The Grecian and Artistic Nose, which 
is straight, firm and delicate. 

AN IRISH NOSE, SHOWING VER¬ 
SATILITY AND IMPRESSIBILITY. 

It is a combination of the Grecian and 
the Analytical. 

THE LATE PRESIDENT McKIN- 
LEY. 

A Nose that shows Thought, Caution 
and Perseverance. 

THE HON. CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW. 

A Nose which shows the talent of the 
orator, while the. dip indicates Appre¬ 
hension and a combination of Suspicion 
and Analysis. 

BEETHOVEN. 

A Nose that is broad above and be¬ 
low. It corresponds with breadth of 
the temples, and the organs of Time, 
Tune, Weight and Constructiveness, 
which are large. 

BOOKER WASHINGTON. 

An Ethiopian Nose—a Cogitative, 
Economical and Far-sighted Nose, while 
the end shows Hopefulness, and the 
open nostrils show Spirit and Energy. 
REV. ARTHUR JAMIESON. 

An Aggressive Nose in the upper por¬ 
tion, and power of Analysis in the lower 
region. 

LAURA BRIDGEMAN, WHO WAS 
DEAF. DUMB AND BLIND. 

A Grecian and Refined Nose, which 
harmonized with her organization. 



CHAPTER III, 


Eyes as an Index of Character, 


The eyes play a very important part 
in the character of the face, and the 
main thing that generally strikes one 
in looking at the eye is: First, its size; 


secondly, its color; and, thirdly, its ex¬ 
pression. 

Large eyes have always been ad¬ 
mired, especially in women, and may 



. No. i. “FIGHTING BOB” EVANS. No. 2 . MISS ELSIE JANIS. 

No. 3- the countess szechenyi. 

















PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


25 



N o. 4. 


be considered essential to the highest 
order of beauty. But we believe that 
the expression which shines from the 
eyes is even more essential in denoting 
character, for the expression is a dem¬ 
onstration of the faculties of the mind, 
while the size of the eye (large or 
small), indicates but two characteris¬ 
tics— i.e.j general observation and def¬ 
inite perception. 

LARGE EYES. 

Eyes that are large indicate a ready 
and great capacity to observe. They 
take in everything in a general way, 
and seldom notice particulars or de¬ 
tails. They are characteristic of ex¬ 
treme sensibility and capacity to en¬ 
joy everything that is presented to 
them on a large scale. 

SMALL EYES. 

Eyes that are small generally attend 
to details, and make a quick survey of 
even the smallest and minutest ar¬ 
rangement of things, such as a lady’s 
or gentleman’s dress, the furniture in 
a room, the tones of voice, and the 
characteristics of an individual. 




THE ORGAN OF LANGUAGE, OR SPEECH 
CENTER. 

It is this organ or center that was 
localized by Dr. Gall in the third fron¬ 
tal convolution,—in the posterior and 
transverse part of the orbital plate, 
pressing the latter, and with it the 
eyes more or less forward or^oufward, 
which localization was afterwards sub¬ 
jected to further proof by Dr. Bouil- 



No. 7 . 


laud, of France, as early in the cen¬ 
tury as 1825, who brought forward 
further pathological light upon the 
subject. It was, however, the illus¬ 
trious Dr. Broca, of Paris, in 1861, 
who considered the proof sufficiently 
clear to establish a speech center in 
the lower left frontal convolution, 
and universal recognition was then 
given to it. He thus demonstrated 
that one faculty of the mind could be 
lost almost independently of any other 
cerebral disturbance. 

Dr. Perrier, among other anato- 



No. 5. 


No. 8. 







26 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


mists, recognized the location of this 
center as stated above, and said that 
“inability to speak is not due to paraly¬ 
sis of the muscles of articulation, for 
these are set in motion and employed 
for the purpose of mastication and 
deglutition by the aphasic individual, 
and it is only when the centers of 
speech are destroyed on both sides 
that total inability to speak is the re¬ 
sult.” 

It is, then, a scientific fact that a 
large development of the organ of 
Language in the brain pushes the eye 
outward and downward, giving it full¬ 
ness, prominence, or anterior projec¬ 
tion. Persons with this characteristic 
generally have a large command of 
words, and are ready speakers and 
writers. They are copious in the use 
of language,—are keen observers and 
readily receive impressions of what¬ 
ever is going on around them. 

Deep-seated eyes see everything in 
particular, and are accurate, definite, 
and ready to receive deep impressions. 

WIDTH OF THE EYES. 

It is well to observe the width of 
the eyes as another indication of char¬ 
acter, as the width gives form to the 
eye, and eyelids that are widely ex¬ 
panded, so as to give a round form to 
the eye, like those of some of the do¬ 
mestic animals, such as the cat, or the 
horse, deer^ Jiare, squirreL bat and 
owl,-indicate ability to see much, and 
mentally to readily receive impres¬ 
sions from ideas presented to the 
mind. But where the eyes are very 
large, the impressions are often apt to 
be vague and uncertain, leading some¬ 
times to mysticism and day-dreams. 

NARROW EYES. 

Eyes that are narrow, as seen in 
the hog, rhinoceros and sloth, do 
not see much in general, but have 
a clear and definite insight into what 
they see. We have observed that eye¬ 
lids which close in around the eye and 
partially cover over this organ, do not 


denote so much impressibility of char¬ 
acter, but a clearer insight, more 
steadiness and permanence of action. 
Where the eye is nearly covered by 
the lid, in a half sleepy way, we have 
an indication of suspicion and desire 
for close scrutiny. As a rule, the 
round-eyed persons see much, and 
think but little, while the narrow-eyed 
persons see less, but think more, and 
feel more intensely. 

The large eye is generally liberal- 
minded, and deals in broad sympathies 
for humanity; while small eyes are 
seldom destitute of penetration and 
artificial simulation, and sometimes 
cunning and deception. 

Eyes which run almost parallel with 
the profile of the nose, without stand¬ 
ing forward from the level of the head 
when seen in profile, denote a weak 
organization and feeble powers of 
mind. 

When lines run out from the side 
of the eye they indicate that the per¬ 
son is cheerful, hopeful, buoyant and 
optimistic. 

Eyes with long, sharp corners that 
do not turn downward, with thick- 
skinned eyelids, which appear to cov¬ 
er half the pupil, are generally san¬ 
guine and indicative of genius. 

Eyes that are large, open and clear¬ 
ly transparent, and which sparkle with 
rapid motion under sharply delineated 
eyelids, generally denote excellent 
qualities, quick discernment, elegance 
and taste. 

Eyes with weak, small eyebrows, 
with little hair and very long concave 
eyelashes, denote partly a feeble con¬ 
stitution of body, and a tendency to 
phlegmatic and melancholic weakness 
of mind. 

Eyes that are not round, nor entire¬ 
ly open, nor deep-sunken, nor far- 
projecting, nor possessing obtuse cor¬ 
ners, are generally characterized for 
their tranquility, their mildly penetrat¬ 
ing glance and their calm reserve. 
Such eyes hear and see together; they 



PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


-27 


enjoy what they see, and color the 
object of their devotion according to 
the conception of their mental vision. 

Deep-sunken eyes, that are small 
and sharply defined, are generally ac¬ 
companied by proud, suspicious and 
cold-hearted characters. But large 
deep-sunken eyes indicate penetration, 
devotion to an object and warm heart¬ 
edness. 

THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON THE EYE. 



No. 9. HON. JOSEPH H. CHOATE. 

No. 10. HON. RICHARD CROKER. 

No. 11. JUDGE ALTON B. PARKER. 
No. 12. WILLIAM J. BRYAN. 

In hot climates we have found that 
the eye is dark. For instance, when 
we have traveled in Australia, where 
the climate has been a hundred de¬ 
grees at ten o’clock at night, we have 
found that our eyes have darkened 
considerably, and when we have re¬ 
turned to the colder climates, that they 


have had a tendency to become lighter 
in shade. 

COLOR OF EYES. 

After considering the shape of the 
eye, it is well to examine the color and 
see whether the eyes are blue, brown, 
gray, black, hazel or green. There is 
a saying that “it is all in the eye,” and 
we believe that light and sight are two 
very strong powers, though the blind 
can certainly do wonderful things 
without either sight or light. 

THE BLUE EYE. 

The large light blue eye expresses 
the peace that throws a calm over all 
ruffled circumstances in life; there is 
also the sad blue eye that thrills the 
heart with a single glance, and the 
well opened blue eye that flashes upon 
you with a glorious light. Blue-eyed 
persons are full of soul, are truthful, 
affectionate, confiding, fond of change, 
and are progressive. The poets have 
praised blue eyes more perhaps than 
any other color. Lavater has said 
that “eyes that are very large, and at 
the same time extremely blue and al¬ 
most transparent when seen in profile, 
denote mental capacity; also a char¬ 
acter of extreme sensitiveness.” An 
Italian writer characterizes them as 
possessed of witchery. They have a 
soft expression, and being the color 
of the sky, they seem capable of lov¬ 
ing in an ecstatic and heavenly or 
angelic way. 

THE BROWN EYE. 

Brown eyes have a softness and a 
beauty peculiarly their own. Mrs. 
Browning wrote the following coup¬ 
let of this color of eye: 

“Thy brown eyes have a look like 
birds 

Flying straightway to the light.” 

Some are eager, quick and merry, 
and denote the faculties of Benevo¬ 
lence, Mirthfulness and Destructive¬ 
ness. They generally go with light 
hair and fair complexion, but there 
are exceptions to this rule where the 
temperament is of a Motive character 















28 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


and the stature of the individual is tall 
and the limbs strong. Their glances 
are frank, and differ from the calmer 
eye of the blue or hazel. Others have 
an abundance of auburn light or a 
reddish glow in them, especially where 
the hair matches them. The dark 
brown eyes often accompany the dark 
brown hair, and the dark complexion. 
The light brown eye generally accom¬ 
panies the light complexion, the gen¬ 
tle expression, the dainty form, and 
the gracious, womanly heart. Gentle¬ 
men who possess this kind of eye gen¬ 
erally take after their mother, and 
such persons have considerable of the 
Vital Temperament. 

THE GRAY EYE. 

The gray-eyed persons are generally 
philosophical, literary, resolute, and 
desirous of notoriety. There are many 
varieties of gray eyes; some are sharp, 
shrewd and spiteful, and we have 
known even a wild gray eye. The 
dark, sleepy, almond-shaped gray eye, 
with long lashes, goes with the rarest 
face on earth. In the gray eye is seen 
the clear reasoning intellect. It looks 
quietly into your face, and views you 
dispassionately, but kindly, and shows 
the kind of love that mellows into 
steady friendship. The owner of this 
eye is conscientious, God-fearing and 
upright. He pities his fellowmen. It 
is the eye of the kind and considerate 
physician, or the conscientious lawyer, 
or the worthy village pastor, or the 
friend as faithful as a human being 
can be. Among women, it has been 
found in Joan of Arc, Florence Night¬ 
ingale, Grace Darling, and Mary 
Queen of Scots. When the gray eye 
is large in its pupil, and contracts and 
dilates with every word or thought, it 
flashes feeling, and there is mischief, 
sunshine, twilight, and even storms 
that come and go. It is an eye that 
wins and holds one more permanently 
than the blue or brown; there is great 
sincerity behind it, and persons have 
to take the consequences of what they 


express. The brown eye will plead; 
the blue will love; the hazel will fasci¬ 
nate; but the gray will hold onto its 
object with strength and firmness. 

THE HAZEL EYE. 

The hazel eyes are a wonderful com¬ 
bination of color. They possess a lit¬ 
tle yellow, blue, brown and gray, and 
it is easy to see on this account that 
various influences float through the 



No. 13. ELIZABETH CADY STANTON. 
No. 14. EX-SECRETARY SHAW. 

No. 15. MADAME VON KLENNER. 

No. 16. A. T.. NEW YORK. 

mind of the possessor of this eye and 
cause the person to be excitable, clear¬ 
headed, sharp-minded, quick-tempered, 
impatient, quite shrewd and fond of 
social life. The dark hazel is more 
stable than the one with the light 
shade. 

THE BLACK EYE. 

There are four kinds of black eyes 
which present themselves: first, the ( 



PRACTICAL' PHYSIOGNOMY 


-29 


small, brilliant, hard black eye; sec¬ 
ond, the glowing, cavernous, dark 
black eye, hut with a smouldering fire; 
third, the soft, swimming, sleepy black 
eye; and fourth, the well-set, large 
and finely shaped black eye, “as sol¬ 
emn as the hush of midnight, still as 
the mountain lake, yet full of passion, 
thought, intellect and feeling that rise 
in a storm till the quiet surface glows 




; 

j 

Kill 

No. 17. HON. WM. E. GLADSTONE. 
No. 18. BISHOP POTTER. 

No. 19. wilson McDonald. 

No. 20. ADMIRAL DEWEY. 

again.” It is an eye that speaks so 
distinctly what it means that words 
are unnecessary, as the black eye has 
a language of its own. It is said that 
it never smiles, but knows the warmth 
of tears; that it goes straight to the 
heart with a single glance, but does 
not intoxicate like the blue, and does 
not wait, like the gray, for its answer. 
It is a passionate eye, and often ac¬ 



companies those who are erratic and 
unbalanced in mind, and it is liable to 
go to extremes. The black eye is 
found in hot climates, and the latter 
may help to increase the excitability of 
the person. 

THE GREEN EYE. 

We find that many handsome eyes 
are green, though some people doubt 
the possibility of the human orb to 
take on this color. I have seen some 
eyes that have resembled those of cats, 
and certainly they have looked very 
beautiful. Some are large, dreamy 
and pensive, possessing at times a dark 
shade of green; at others, a light 
shade that combines the light gray, or 
light blue, which give them a lustre 
about which poets have written. It is 
said that they are not so aesthetic as 
the blue, nor so dangerous as the black, 
nor so affectionate as the brown, nor 
so calm as the gray, nor so versatile 
as the hazel; but they betoken talent 
and genius. There is a good deal of 
soul, wit, and love expressed in the 
green eye; in fact, it is the eye that 
generally accompanies a person who 
possesses a keen imagination, and 
therefore is found in writers, poets, 
artists and musicians, rather than in 
doctors, lawyers, or business men. One 
writer has said, in describing the dif¬ 
ferent colors of eyes, that “the black 
eye indicates that impulse is in the 
ascendency, the blue shows sentiment 
on the throne, the gray signifies con¬ 
trol, the hazel indicates versatility, and 
the green indicates rare genius.” The 
green eyes denote courage, energy and 
pride. Occasionally they accompany 
a jealous revengeful disposition. 

EYEBROWS. 

As the eyebrows are so closely con¬ 
nected with the eyes, we believe that 
a word with regard to them will be 
appropriate in connection with this 
subject, as much character is indicated 
by the shape or outline of the eye¬ 
brow. The form of the eyebrow may 











30 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


show itself by being thick or thin, fine 
or coarse, smooth or bushy, arched or 
straight, regular or irregular, and ac¬ 
companied by a fine quality or a poor 
one. 

With abundant hair on the head, we 
generally find strong eyebrows, which 
indicate a full development of the Mo¬ 
tive Temperament. Sometimes the 
color is light, but generally it is some¬ 
what dark. When they are bushv. 
coarse and irregular, we expect to 
find great energy in the character; 
while the fine, delicate eyebrows are 
indicative of a fine-grained organiza¬ 
tion, and generally accompany an ac¬ 
tive, nervous, susceptible, sensitive 
nature. When the eyebrows are 
straight, the character that accompa¬ 
nies them is generally businesslike, 
and possesses sternness and masculin¬ 
ity. When they are arched, they show 
artistic taste, delicacy and refinement, 
and are feminine in character. Dis¬ 
cernment is seen in low, projecting 
eyebrows, but there is less inclination 
to reason, reflect, or philosophise. The 
drooping of the outer angle of the 
eyebrow shows an inclination to run 
a hobby, or to think consecutively on 
some special subject. This develop¬ 
ment often shows itself in a reformer, 
or one who has had to concentrate his 
mind on a definite subject, as in the 
case of Fulton, Stevenson, Ibsen, Mar¬ 
tin Luther, Cromwell, Nelson Sizer 
and L. N. Fowler. On the contrary, 
eyebrows that are elevated show keen 
interest in what is going on, but not 
much concentration or penetration of 
mind. A person with this type of eye¬ 
brow is not known for deep thought 
or great discernment. A person ad¬ 
dicted to frowning shows the desire to 
domineer and use authority, and per¬ 
sons in command of a regiment of sol¬ 
diers, or at the head of any arduous 
work, generally show a contraction 
of the eyebrows, which contraction 
forms certain wrinkles in the brow 
which we will mention elsewhere. 


When the center of the ridge of the 
eyebrow is dented inward, the person 
is generally found to possess the fac¬ 
ulty of resistance and revenge. If the 
eyebrows are greatly elevated, there is 
an absence of much reflection or sus¬ 
tained thought. Some characters can 
be defined by the even or straight hairs 
of the eyebrow, which show a re¬ 
markably calm and placid temper. But, 



No. 21. EDWARD H. BOYER. 

No. 22. LORD ROBERTS. 

No. 23. HORACE MANN. 

No. 24. DR. EGBERT GUERNSEY. 

on the contrary, when they are bushy, 
and stand out in all directions, as was 
the case in the Rev. Hugh Price 
Hughes, of London, we may expect 
to find strength of will, a strong spirit 
of resistance, energy of character, and 
in some persons a quick temper. When 
there is a large space between the eye¬ 
brow and the eye at the outer corner, 
it denotes a love of pleasure and en¬ 
joyment. It will evidently be large cr 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


3 r 


well defined in those who like to go 
boating, skating, motoring, or who are 
fond of theatres and entertainments of 
all kinds. 

The eye is the mirror of the mind; 
it tells much without saying a word, 
and often reveals more truth than the 
tongue; it is a guide to action. It 
powerfully stimulates thoughts, feel¬ 
ings and imagination in one another, 
for it is an expression of the character 
behind it. It has a language of its 
own, and saves much talking. The 
eye is the greatest photographic estab- 



No. 25. HON. SETH LOW. 

No. 2u. HOMER DAVENPORT. 

No. 27. ALBERT F. 

No. 28. TRUEMAN FLOYD. 

lishment in the world; no other has 
such wonderful mechanism or such 
delicate and powerful apparatus as the 
eye. We have only to open our eyes 
and an impression is immediately 
made; a durable likeness is taken as 
quick as a flash of lightning. 

A good entertainer has a large and 


full eye. Such a person can accumu¬ 
late knowledge by seeing, has capacity 
to retain knowledge thus gained, and 
is inclined to enjoy social pleasures. 
A person of this kind makes a desira¬ 
ble wife. 

It is unfortunate when the eye has 
two opposite objects before it that 
make it difficult to decide which to 
choose. Sometimes it is a lovable crea¬ 
ture who is poor, and sometimes the 
riches of another attract the same 
eyes; or, in other words, some get a 
fortune away back in the eye, and a 
young lady in front of it, and think it 
is only the young lady that is lovable, 
but find it was not when the fortune 
vanishes. Some persons are always 
seeing chances to make fortunes, but 
never succeed in doing so; others, 
never look for chances, but succeed in 
making a fortune. 

I remember Mr. Fowler once said: 
“We get what we love so near our 
eyes that there is not much room left 
to see anything else. The miser gets 
his money so close to his eyes that he 
cannot see anyone in distress; the 
drunkard gets his glass so close to his 
eyes that he cannot see that his wife 
and children are starving and freez¬ 
ing ; the habitual smoker gets so much 
tobacco smoke in his eyes that he can¬ 
not see to read the laws of physiology 
correctly; a purely selfish man sees no 
opportunity to do good or to help his 
neighbor; a vain or proud individual 
sees all the faults of others, but none 
of his own; gamblers and deceivers 
are quick to see their victims, and the 
prodigal sees chances to spend his 
money, but not to lay up for the fu¬ 
ture.” 

THE EXPRESSION OF EYES IN WELL 
KNOWN PEOPLE. 

No. i. “Fighting Bob” Evans. His 
are large, clear, penetrating eyes, and 
show courage, quick decision, wonder¬ 
ful perception, resourcefulness and in¬ 
tuitional power. 




32 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


No. 2. Miss Elsie Janis. Her eyes 
are a type in themselves. They show 
studied power, tact, diplomacy, re¬ 
serve and keen penetration. 

No. 3. The Countess Szechenyi. 
Her eyes indicate originality of char¬ 
acter, and express an independent 
spirit and resolution of mind, a char¬ 
acter not easily turned from its origi¬ 
nal purpose. 

No. 4. (A) This eye is open and 
frank, yet the droop of the eyelid man¬ 
ifests an inclination to follow a hobby, 
and the tendency of mind to bend to 
one object for a considerable length of 
time. The fulness under the eye in¬ 
dicates large Language. (B) shows 
a very different outline of eyebrow. It 
is indented in the center, which shows 
the tendency to have revenge, and to 
give over sensitiveness concerning 
slights that the individual imagines 
(C) shows an eye full of soul, wealth 
of affection, sincerity and trust. 

No. 5. This eye indicates large Lan¬ 
guage. 

No. 6. This eye indicates a pleasure 
loving individual, as the eyebrow is 
set at a distance from the eye itself. 

No. 7. This eye indicates energy 
through the development of the eye¬ 
brow, which is full and shaggy. 

No. 8. This eye indicates stupidity 
or lack of expression. 

No. 9. Hon. Joseph H. Choate. 
His eyes are the result of experi¬ 
ence. They show excellent observing 
powers, ready wit, and capacity to 
gather knowledge and take in a situa¬ 
tion at once. 

No. 10. Hon. Richard Croker. 
Shrewdness, businesslike capacity, and 
appreciation for “the almighty dollar’’ 
are characteristics that are shown in 
these eyes. 

No. 11. Judge Alton B. Parker. His 
eyes indicate truthfulness and a desire 
to look a thing squarely in the face. 
They will hear both sides of a story 
before making a decision. 

No. 12. William J. Bryan. The 


depth and light which are seen in his 
eyes indicate eloquence, power of ex¬ 
pression and versatility of mind. 

No. 13. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. 
Her eyes show a large development of 
Language. They are eloquent, and 
belong to a copious speaker. They aiN 
quick to notice details. 

No. 14. Ex-Secretary Shaw. He has 
strong and penetrating eyes, while his 



No. 29. BEETHOVEN. 

No. 30. JOSEF LHEVINNE. 

No. 31 . RUBINSTEIN. 

No. 32. PADEREWSKI. 

eyebrows show concentration on the 
outer angle of the brow. 

No. 15. Madame von Klenner. She 
possesses eyes which see everything on 
a large scale, and accompany a strong 
ambitious mind. 

No. 16. A. T., New York. His eyes 
indicate loving docility, obedience, rev¬ 
erence and affection. 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


33 


No. 17. Hon. Wm. E. Gladstone. 
Is an example of deep-set eyes which 
indicate a penetrating, far-sighted 
character and concentration of mind. 

No. 18. Bishop Potter’s eyes show 
cool deliberation, self-control, reserve 
and dignity. 

No. 19. Mr. Wilson McDonald. 
Large Language is a noticeable fea¬ 
ture of this pair of eyes. They are 
keen, bright and intelligent, but age 
has somewhat closed them, and expe¬ 
rience has deepened and intensified 
their gaze. 



No. 33. EDNA MAY. 

No. 34 - RUBY L. 

No. 35. FRANK PALEN. 

No. 36. INSPIRATIONAL EYES. 

No. 20. Admiral Dewey. Plis eyes 
show cool determination, deliberate¬ 
ness, personal courage and dogged de¬ 
termination of mind. 

No. 21. Edward H. Boyer. The eyes 
of this gentleman indicate a penetra¬ 
tion far beyond the average. Nothing 
escapes him. He is solid for the truth, 
and detests any underhand work. 


No. 22. Lord Roberts. His eyes 
show coolness in time of danger, cour¬ 
age in overcoming impediments, and 
hopefulness of mind. 

No. 23. The eyes of Horace Mann 
indicate thoughtfulness, serenity of 
purpose, deep reflection and self-for¬ 
getfulness. 

No. 24. Dr. Egbert Guernsey’s eyes 
indicate kindness, generosity, hospi¬ 
tality, a philanthropic spirit and an in¬ 
tuitive mind. 

No. 25. Hon. Seth Low. His eyes 
are lifted upward, and nave a hopeful¬ 
ness in them which we do not gener¬ 
ally see in ordinary eyes. They show 
keen perception, method and system. 

No. 26. Homer Davenport. His eyes 
show scrutiny, and indicate that they 
have been trained to observe. The 
slant of the left eye strongly indicates 
that he makes a hobby of looking into 
a subject closely, and watches for de¬ 
tails. 

No. 27. Albert F., New York. A 
bright, intelligent look emanates from 
these eyes, and the character of this 
child is about as perfect as is seen in 
one of his age. 

No. 28. Trueman Fioyd. Has lov¬ 
ing, upturned, trustful eyes, and the 
eyebrows show a lack of concentration 
which is a condition of mind natural to 
a child. 

No. 29. Beethoven. His eyes show 
that they accompany a large soul, 
combined with purity of thought, 
largeness of conception, and penetra¬ 
tion of mind. 

No. 30. Josef Lhevinne. The dream¬ 
iness of an artist, musician, or in¬ 
ventor is here depicted. These eyes 
wake up under inspiration, but it takes 
considerable to rouse them. 

No. 31. Rubinstein. His eyes indi¬ 
cate watchfulness and reserve of mind. 
The outer slant of the eyebrow indi¬ 
cates a concentration of thought on a 
hobby or study. They are platonic 
rather than impulsive. 




34 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


No. 32. Paderewski. His eyes show 
genius and originality. There is 
pathos, but not the depth of conception 
that is shown by Beethoven. They are 
keen, critical, observing eyes. 

No. 33. Edna May. Her eyes show 
exceptional sadness, genius, penetra¬ 
tion, intuition and artistic expression. 

No. 34. Ruby L. possesses roguish, 
laughing, mischievous eyes, which, 
with the elevation of the eyebrow on 
the outer corner, show the pleasure- 
loving disposition. 

No. 35. Frank Palen. This is a good 
example of baby eyes, showing curi¬ 
osity, and infantile intelligence. 

No. 36. Inspirational eyes. These 
eyes show prayerfulness, spirituality 
and wonder. They are the upturned 
eyes, which you rarely see. 

No. 37. “Mark Twain/’ Keen crit¬ 
icism is expressed in his eyes, and a 
large development of Language which 
should give fluency in writing and 
speaking. 

No. 38. Wm. T. Stead. The pos¬ 
sessor of these eyes shows penetration 
of mind. The eyebrows are strongly 
contracted in the center, and indicate 
command, control, authority and su¬ 
perintendency over work of an im¬ 
portant kind. 

No. 39. Tolstoy. His eyes are 
large, open and truthful. There is no 
deception hirking in them. The eye¬ 


brows are bushy, and show energy and 
force of character. 

No. 40. Prof. Chas.A. Blanchard. He 
has the eyes of a public-spirited man. 
They are full of humor, and the lines 
at the outer corner indicate buoyancy 
and optimism. 



No. 37. MARK TWAIN. 

No. 38. WM. T. STEAD. 

No. 39. TOLSTOY. 

No. 40. PROF. CHAS. A. BLANCHARD. 












CHAPTER IV, 


Ears and How they Reveal Character, Disposition, 
Disease and Longevity. 


By Jessie Allen Fowler. 


Ears are the side doors of the mind, 
and are next in importance to the eyes 
as inlets to the mind; they take note 
of what is going on around and be- 


People who read character from the 
face, and look only at the eyes and 
nose, without looking at the ears, pass 
many valuable points concerning char- 



KING EDWARD’S EAR. QUEEN ALEXANDRA’S EAR. 
QUEEN VICTORIA’S EAR. 


hind, while the eyes make unacquaint¬ 
ed with what is taking place in front. 
Ears were made for hearing, and the 
larger the ear the better the hearing. 


acter, disposition, disease, and the 
probable length of life. There is very 
little literature on ears, though every 
other feature of the face has been 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


36 

minutely described, and we believe 
that this is partly due to the apathy 
shown in regard to the importance of 
this feature of the face. One reason 
why the ear has not been so universal¬ 
ly studied as the nose, lies possibly in 
the fact that the ear is not, like the 
nose, for example, indicative of any 
distinctive racial form. We have not 
yet found the Roman, Grecian, or 
Ethiopian ear; but as a student of 
Physiognomy, when traveling in dif¬ 



ferent parts of the world,. I have 
found much to interest the general 
reader on this subject. Charles Lamb 
hesitates not to boast of his delicate 
side-intelligencers, neither envying 
the mule for his plenty nor the mole 
for his exactness. Julius Caesar made 
reference to this feature when he 
said: “Friends, Romans, Countrymen, 
lend me your ears.” 

By comparative study, our experi¬ 
ence has led us to see that there is a 
great deal of difference manifested in 



No. 1 . QUEEN ALEXANDRA. 

the curves of the ear, and even in the 
two ears of one person, as well as in 
the ears of different members of one 
family. The right ear resembles the 
father, or masculine ancestor, while 
the left ear resembles the mother, or 
feminine ancestor. 

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR. 

The Physiology of the Ear tells us 
that the outer curve is the Helix; the 
inner curve the Anti-Helix; the open¬ 
ing next to the cheek the Tragus; the 
width of the opening the Anti-Tragus, 
which forms a kind of vestibule; the 
central cavity leading into the canal, 
the Concha; and the separate part at 
the bottom of the ear, the Lobe. In 
some persons the latter is joined to 
the side of the face, though in other 
people there is to be seen a distinct 
lobe separate from the face. When 
this lower lobe is deficient in develop¬ 
ment it indicates that there is a slen¬ 
der hold on life; while if the lobe is 
long and healthy in appearance, and 



No. 2 . ELLEN TERRY. 






PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


37 



No. 3 . MADAME ANTOINETTE 
STERLING. 

has considerable color, there is an in¬ 
dication of vitality and health. A thin 
Helix shows intelligence, and a thick 
Anti-Helix quick temper. A per* 



No. 4 . THE MARCHIONESS OF 
LONDONDERRY. 

son with an abridged Helix only needs 
time and opportunity to get on in the 
world. Seventy-five per cent, of the 
people known to the police courts, it 
is said, possess a prominent Helix. 
It must be borne in mind, however, 
that the sinister potentialities of the 


No. 6. SIR FREDERICK LEIGH¬ 
TON. 

Anti-Helix are limited to the upper 
portion of the ear. In its proper 
sphere, just on a line with the Tragus, 
it is not only auspicious, but great. 



No. 7 . BURNE-JONES. 

To illustrate this, we have only to 
mention such persons as Charles Dick¬ 
ens, Swinburne, John Stuart Mill, 
Cardinal Newman, and the Duke of 
Devonshire. There are some ears that 
present no Anti-Helix at all to speak 
of, as seen in the ears of Patti, Mil- 




No. 5 . MISS WINIFRED EMERY. 


No. 8. M. JEAN DE RESZKE. 



38 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



No. 9. EDWARD LLOYD. 

lais, Father Ignatius and King Ed¬ 
ward of England. It may be urged 
that the combined psychic power 
wielded by the persons with a wide 
Helix is only another proof of the 
greatness of the thin Helix, the for¬ 
mer showing intuitive, and the latter 
reasoning capacity. 

There are three minute but beauti¬ 
fully formed bones of the ear, called 
the Malleus, or hammer; the Incus, or 
anvil; and the Stapes, or stirrup. 
These bones are named after the 
shapes they bear, and are exquisitely 
formed. 

THE TEMPERAMENTS. 

If we divide the ear into three parts 
we shall see that the upper portion 
corresponds with the Mental or Nerv¬ 
ous Temperament; the middle portion 
corresponds with the Motive, Mechan¬ 
ical, Bilious, Osseous or Thoracic 



No. 10. LORD RANDOLPH 
CHURCHILL. 

Temperament; while the lower por¬ 
tion corresponds with the Vital, San¬ 
guine, Lymphatic, Phlegmatic or Ab¬ 
dominal Temperament. 

THE MENTAL OR NERVOUS TEMPERA¬ 
MENT. 

The Mental or Nervous Tempera¬ 
ment, as fully explained in the Decem¬ 
ber issue, 1907, is expressed by a 
height above the opening, and persons 
having this type of ear are influenced 
by what they mentally comprehend, or 
can reason about. They do not take 
things for granted, but are studious, 
thoughtful and philosophic. We find 
that Gladstone, Cicero and Ignatius, 
among others, had this height of ear. 

THE MOTIVE OR MECHANICAL TEM¬ 
PERAMENT. 

If the eai is well developed in the 
central part, and is somewhat broad, 



MISS CHARLOTTE YONGE’S EAR. MISS FORTESCUE’S EAR. 
MR. EDWARD LLOYD’S EAR. PADEREWSKI’S EAR. 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


39 



CAESAR’S EAR. MR. GLADSTONE’S EAR. 

CICERO’S EAR. SIR FRED K LEIGHTON’S EAR. 


we find that persons possessing such 
an ear have the Motive Temperament, 
and show capacity to adjust them¬ 
selves to active, outdoor, executive 
work. In fact, persons with this form 
of ear are enterprising, and believe in 
hustling over their work to accom¬ 
plish their end. Their cheek bones 
are high, as a rule, and they are osse¬ 
ous in build. They have' the bilious 
organization, and the thoracic part of 
the body is quite prominently repre¬ 
sented, as in the case of Charles G. 
Bush, cartoonist for the New York 
World , who has also large Perceptive 
-and Analytical Faculties; Red-Shirt, 
the fighting Chief of the Sioux In¬ 
dians; General Benjamin F. Tracy, 
who has a strong Motive or muscular 


temperament; General Frederick D. 
Grant, and Jesse S. Anderson, among 
others. 

THE VITAL OR NUTRITIVE TEMPERA¬ 
MENT. 

When the lower division is well de¬ 
veloped, and the other portions less so, 
the individual shows that he has the 
power to generate vitality, and has a 
good hold on life. He often prefers 
doing indoor, sedentary work, or en¬ 
gaging in a literary occupation or pro¬ 
fessional labor, to hustling about 
among men or working in the open 
air. The nutritive and health-giving 
elements are strong in him, as in 
the case of Queen Victoria and Mr. 
Charles M. Jacobs, Chief Engineer of 
the Hudson River Tunnel, and the 



“OUIDA’S” EAR. 

MR. THOS. HARDY’S EAR. 


MR. J. M. BARRIE’S EAR. 
REV. C. H. SPURGEON’S EAR. 












40 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



CARDINAL NEWMAN’S EAR. ADELINA PATTI’S EAR. 

JOHN STUART MILL’S EAR. EX-SECRETARY SHAW’S EAR. 


Hon. Grover Cleveland, who has a 
massive lower lobe to his ear; also 
Ex-Secretary Shaw, who has a good 
proportion of this section, and Mr. 
Theodore Sutro, among others. 

Of the external ear, we find there 
are many different kinds, as follows: 

THE LARGE EAR. 

The large ear is indicative of a 
plodding disposition. Persons pos¬ 
sessing this kind of ear accomplish 
what they set out to do. Such ears 
are found on the heads of men like 
Father Mathew, Peter Cooper, Sir Jo- 
siah Mason, of Birmingham, Eng¬ 
land ; William Lloyd Garrison, Isaac 
T. Hopper, Thomas Garret, Horace 
Greeley, Abraham Lincoln, and Car¬ 
dinal Newman. Among women, we 


find Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Miss Su¬ 
san B. Anthony, Mrs. Harriet Beech¬ 
er Stowe, Maria Mitchell, and Mrs. 
Julia Ward Howe have possessed 
large ears, and they have all shown 
great determination of character 
which has enabled them to carry 
through the work they undertook. 

THE SMALL EAR. 

The small ear indicates delicacy, 
and has been seen on the heads of 
such men as Girard, Astor, Roth¬ 
schild, and all persons of a delicate or¬ 
ganization. Mr. Thomas Hardy has 
an ear that is well rounded and clear- 
cut, with a moderately thin Helix and 
small Lobe; the Anti-Helix is promi¬ 
nent at the lower part. While Mr. 
Clark Russell’s ear presents a curious 



MR. CLARK RUSSELL’S EAR. 

mr. justin McCarthy’s ear. 


Dr. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES’S EAR. 
FATHER IGNATIUS’S EAR. 










PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


4i 



MR. JESSE S. ANDERSON’S EAR. 
MR. THEO. SUTRO’S EAR. 

HON. WILLIAM ALLISON’S EAR. 


MR. CHARLES M. JACOBS’S EAR. 
MR. WALTER HENRY HALL’S 
EAR. 


contrast, as it possesses a sharp angle 
in the upper right hand part of the 
curve, which is completely absent in 
the top of the ear possessed by Mr. J. 
M. Barrie, as this presents a direct 
slant from the upper right hand point 
of the curve, making it diametrically 
opposite in structure to that of Mr. 
Clark Russell. 

THE LONG EAR. 

The long ear, like that of Mr. 
Burne-Jones, indicates great tenacity. 
That of Mr. Jones, besides its length, 
indicates a small Concha which is able 
to hold delicate musical sounds. The 
length of the ear should correspond 
with the length of the nose and chin, 
and a long ear generally betokens long 
life. The ears of Queen Victoria, 
Queen Alexandra, Miss Ellen Terry, 
Miss Charlotte Yonge, Caesar and Ci¬ 
cero, as well as those of Hon. Wm. 


Gladstone, Charles Dickens and John 
Stuart Mill, all possessed the advan¬ 
tage of being long, though they va¬ 
ried considerably in the curves and 
outlines. 

THE PROJECTING EAR. 

The projecting ears are adapted to 
receiving sounds, principally from be¬ 
fore rather than sounds that come 
from behind. Mme. Antoinette Ster¬ 
ling, Father Ignatius and Mme. Ade¬ 
lina Patti possessed this kind of ear. 

THE FLATTENED EAR. 

Flattened ears that lie close to the 
head are more beautiful in their indi¬ 
cations than those that are projecting, 
but they are not so quick to gather 
sounds. Sir Frederick Leighton and 
Queen Alexandra have ears of this 
kind. 

POINTED AT THE TOP. 

The ear that is pointed at the top. 



wwmr 


GEN. BENJAMIN F. TRACY’S EAR. 
DR. CARLETON SIMON’S EAR. 
GEN. FRED D. GRANT’S EAR. 


PROF. WOODROW WILSON’S 
EAR. 

PROF. CHARLES A. BLANCH¬ 
ARD’S EAR. 













No. 11. Short and Broad; indicates No. 12. Long and Narrow; indicates 
Energy, Force and Pluck; also good Long Life, Strength of Character 

Digestion and Lung power. and Tenacity. 

No. 13. A Large, Round Upper Curve; 
a Well Poised Character, but a De¬ 
fective Lower Lobe, indicating a 
Delicate Constitution. 


like that of Mr. Edward Lloyd, is one 
that illustrates great will power and 
determination of mind, as well as a 
plodding disposition, and one that 
conquers many difficulties. His was 
not a symmetrical ear, like that of the 
Rev. Charles H. Spurgeon, which was 
round and beautifully shaped in the 
upper curve; or like that of the 
grand old man of literature, Dr. Oli¬ 
ver Wendell Holmes, whose curve 
was one continuous arch from start to 
finish, and from these two differences 
we see much variation of character. 

THE SHORT LOWER LOBE. 

The ear that presents a short lower 
lobe, like that of Lord Randolph 
Churchill, introduces us to that type 
of individual who generally expends 
his energy faster than he generates it. 
In the case of the above-named per¬ 
son, he died before his time, though 
he was known for his brilliancy, wit 
and repartee. His ear was uneven in 
other respects, besides that it pos¬ 


sessed a small lower lobe, for it was 
irregular in its outer curve. His head 
was uneven in its formation, and al¬ 
though at one time he gave much 
promise of future attainment, he was 
unable to sustain himself through 
hard and continuous political work. 
In this ear of Lord Randolph Church¬ 
ill we see too small a lower lobe to in¬ 
dicate long life and vitality, and all the 
strength of the ear seems to be in the 
upper region above the orifice. There 
is quite a distinct curve upward, 
pointing towards Self-Esteem and 
Firmness; while it makes a distinct 
contrast with that of Mr. Burne- 
Jones, both in its Helix and Anti- 
Helix. 

THE ROUND TOP. 

Ears that are round at the top are 
indicative of well-developed moral 
faculties, such as are to be seen in 
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes and the 
Rev. Charles H. Spurgeon, among 
others. Persons possessing such a 
curve to the ear indicate an evenly de- 



PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


veloped moral character. There is no 
great extreme expressed by. such per¬ 
sons, no erratic temperament, no great 
surprise of conduct, nothing, in fact, 
that one could take exception to, and 
the faculties of Conscientiousness, 
Firmness, Hope, Spirituality, Venera¬ 
tion and Benevolence are all evenly 
expressed in a person possessing such 
a contour of ear. 

THE FLAT TOP. 

An ear that is flat across the top 
seldom accompanies the Vital Tem¬ 
perament, and in the ear of Burne- 
Jones, which we have already men¬ 
tioned, we find the Helix is almost 
straight across the top, instead of fol¬ 
lowing a curve, as in the case of 
Queen Victoria, Queen Alexandra, 
and the Marchioness of Londonderry. 
In Cardinal Newman’s ear we have a 
very good illustration of one that is 
almost square across the top, which 
indicates, owing to its height from 
the opening, a level head, and one 
about equally developed in the moral 
region. Where an ear is high, round, 
full, and still somewhat flattened, a 
•combination of qualities will appear 
and be readily recognized in the char¬ 
acter, as compared with the person 


43 

who possesses simply a round or a 
flat Helix. In the former case, the 
faculties above mentioned will be 
strongly accentuated, while in the lat¬ 
ter they will be only fully represented. 

THE CURVED HELIX, 

When the Helix, or outer edge, is 
curved from the point of contact with 
the cheek around the top and sides, 
until it reaches the lower lobe, we find 
a perfectly normal ear, and seldom is 
such an ear to be found. There is gen¬ 
erally some indication of weakness, 
intensity or strength of character 
which disturbs this line of beauty. We 
find in the ear of Clio, the French ac¬ 
tress, this beautiful symmetry or 
curve. In Cicero’s ear, the curve ex¬ 
tends from the opening around to the 
Tragus, but the part of the ear that 
is below this portion is irregular. 
There is masterfulness and uniform¬ 
ity expressed in his ear, as well as in¬ 
tellectuality of character. The ear is 
almost perpendicular, while that of 
Sir Frederick Leighton slants back, 
and is indicative of strong ambition. 
In Sir Frederick there was self-con¬ 
fidence expressed, which is a charac¬ 
teristic that is lacking in the ear of 
the Marchioness of Londonderry. 



No. 14. Broad Helix, indicating Ob- No. 1G.- Broad Central Region; good 

tuseness and Disposition to be Led Arterial Circulation and Evenness 

rather than to Lead. of Disposition. 

No. 15. Large Upper Lobe, indicating 
Strong Mind; Narrow Helix. 


44 PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



No. 17. Small Upper Lobe, showing No. 19. Narrow Ear, Weak Motive 
Weak Mental Temperament; De- Temperament; Upper Lobe Slants 

cided Backward Slant; Showing Self- Forward, showing a Kindly Dis- 

Esteem. position. 

No. 18. Strong Upper Lobe; Excellent 
Moral and Intellectual Capacity. 


THE PLAIN UNCURVED HELIX. 

An ear that shows a plain uncurved 
Helix, or outer edge, or very little 
Helix at all, like that of Adelina Patti, 
is indicative of intellectuality which 
is well sustained and under excellent 
control where the sentiments are acted 
upon, but ardor and enthusiasm are 
not so fully represented as in Queen 
Victoria, whose ear had a beautiful 
curve, or in that of Miss Fortescue. 
Another example of the lack of curve 
after the Helix leaves the upper por¬ 
tion, is that of the Duke of Devon¬ 
shire, whose ear is almost flat from 
the top down to the point, thus indi¬ 
cating a self-contained character, and 
one not much inclined to exert itself 
even to meet its highest opposition, 
or grasp its greatest opportunities. 
THE CURVED INNER EDGE, OR STRONG 
ANTI-HELIX. 

Every perfect ear contains a sec¬ 
ond curve, though many are imper¬ 
fectly formed in this particular. In 
Cicero’s ear, as well as in that of 
Father Ignatius, we find the curve 
even and distinct. The inner curve of 


Cardinal Manning’s ear is pointed in 
its center; hence it stands out against 
the Helix in a distinct way. The lat¬ 
ter indication serves as an example of 
concentrated energy, force of will, 
courage of personal convictions, and 
capacity to fight against opposition. 
When compared with that of the 
Duke of Devonshire, we see almost 
a total lack of personal courage, but 
indications of a more yielding dispo¬ 
sition. In Caesar’s ear, the inner curve 
is short but distinct, showing master¬ 
fulness and power, or personal mag¬ 
netism. 

A SEPARATE LOWER LOBE, OR LOBULE. 

Where the lower lobe is detached, 
or forms a distinct separate lobe from 
the ear, as we find in the ear of King 
Edward, John Stuart Mill, Gladstone, 
and others, the capacitv to hold on to 
life is very distinctly expressed. Car¬ 
dinal Newman’s ear is another exam¬ 
ple of this feature, and almost inva¬ 
riably we find that persons possessing 
this type of ear live to be over eighty. 
It corresponds with the generating 
principle, or the organ of Vitativeness, 



-45 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


and gives to the individual warmth, 
ardor, enthusiasm and intensity of 
mind. 

A REFINED TYPE. 

Had we no other guide to indicate 
a refined or coarse type of character 
beside an illustration of the ear, we 
should still be able to indicate very 
closely the amount of refinement, or 
the lack of it, expressed in the indi¬ 
vidual. A refined ear has symmetri¬ 
cal curves, and few angles, as though 
it were divinely made, instead of chis¬ 
eled by the interception of man’s pas¬ 
sions or ambitions. 

A COARSE TYPE. 

Nature has expressly stamped a 
coarse ear upon individuals who lack 
refinement and culture. The skin is 
coarse, the curves are irregular, the 
angles are prominent, and vulgarity is 
seen in every part of this delicate 
feature. 

In a word, then, long ears indicate 
tenacity; large ears, a plodder; small 
ears, delicacy; large orifices, recepta¬ 
cle for much sound; small orifices are 


adapted to sensitive and delicate 
sounds. Ears standing out from the 
head indicate executiveness and ex¬ 
pression of character; ears lying close 
to the head indicate reticence of char¬ 
acter. Ears large at the top indicate 
aspiration, comprehensiveness and lib¬ 
erality; ears large at the bottom indi¬ 
cate long life. People with long ears 
are content to hear about things in 
general, make a wholesale survey of 
a subject, and deal in a general busi¬ 
ness ; persons with small ears desire to 
know the details of an affair, to see 
and examine things closely, to do nice 
work, to be artistic and finish things 
carefully. Large ears monopolize 
over small eyes in gaining informa¬ 
tion. Such persons tell what they 
have heard. People with large eyes 
and small ears tell what they have 
seen, and they learn mostly by seeing. 
Elephants, and all large eared animals, 
are guided by what their ears tell 
them, while animals with small ears 
are guided by their instinct or sense 
of sound. 

Ears indicate courage, timidity, lib- 



No. 20. Thick-set, Compact Organiza- No. 21. Well Balanced Mind and Body; 
tion; Quick Circulation; also Quick Even Temperament; no great Ex- 

Temper and Responsive Mind. tremes. 

No. 22. Broad across the center; Im¬ 
pulsive Nature and Irritable Tem¬ 
per. 


4 6 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


erality, stinginess, selfishness, inde¬ 
pendence, energy, aspiration, and al¬ 
most every other attribute of the 
mind. There is the elephant’s listen¬ 
ing ear; the donkey’s plodding ear; 
the bull dog’s deliberate ear, and the 
greyhound’s locomotive ear. 

When studying the ears, we must 
not forget that they indicate more 
than one thing. For instance, if the 
upper portion is broad and full, it 
shows comprehensiveness and liber¬ 
ality of mind, while in the same ear 
you may get a small lower lobe indi¬ 
cating weak vitality. Again, you may 
find an ear large at the top and nar¬ 
row in the center, which indicates 
strong intellect and a weak condition 
of the vital organs. An ear that is 
broad in the center, yet weak and 
pointed at each end, may show quick 
arterial circulation, but a deficient 
mentality and poor powers of endur¬ 
ance. An ear that is broad in the two 
upper portions, and small in the lower, 
indicates the desire to do wholesale 
work, and a person possessing such an 
ear generally goes beyond his strength 
and gets into deep water before he 
A knows it. 

Ears generally follow the direction 
•\ of the faculties they represent. 
j No. ii shows a wide opening and 
* curve across the upper portion of the 
ear, and where this is the case we find 
the individual is very particular to live 
a consistent, scrupulous and moral 
life. There is good intellectual power 
indicated, and stability, perseverance 
and reliability expressed in the upper 
curve, while a healthy organization is 
indicated in the breadth of the central 
portion, as well as in the length of 
the lower lobe. 

No. 12 is a fine illustration of a long 
ear; it indicates health, long life, and 
strength of character; also consider¬ 
able vigor of constitution. The cen¬ 
tral portion is not so broad, compara¬ 
tively speaking, as that of No. n, but. 


it is much more fully represented than 
is seen in Nos. 17 and 19. It there¬ 
fore represents a moderate degree of 
arterial circulation and organic pow¬ 
er. The vestibule, or central opening, 
is not large, but what sounds it hears 
it retains accurately. Will power and 
respect for superiors are characteris¬ 
tics that are shown through the upper 
curve pointing toward the organs of 
Firmness and Veneration. Power 
rather than delicacy is the keynote of 
this character. 

No. 13 shows a strong Motive Tem¬ 
perament or broad central portion. It 
accompanies a person who has strong 
muscles, a good framework, and ca¬ 
pacity to handle a vigorous business. 
Whatever the individual does will be 
accomplished in a heroic, masterly and 
efficient manner. The greatest weak¬ 
ness of this ear is indicated by the del¬ 
icate point of the lower lobe. 

No. 14 indicates a compact organi¬ 
zation, and the Helix is broad and 
thick, showing that the person is 
somewhat obtuse and dull of under¬ 
standing, but is good tempered and 
possesses a mellow disposition. 

No. 15 does not show the irregu¬ 
larities that are seen in No. 20 and 
No. 22. Given a good chance, a per¬ 
son with an ear of this character can 
do well. He is versatile, available, 
and knows how to adapt himself to 
many conditions in life. His heart 
power is efficient, hence he can expe¬ 
dite business in an emergency. He 
does not suffer from cold feet or 
hands, for his circulation is good. He 
is able to think out a new proposition, 
for his brain capacity is equal to con¬ 
siderable demand made upon it. 

No. 16 presents a thick upper curve, 
or Helix. The Vital Temperament is 
finely represented in this ear. The 
lower lobe indicates healthiness, 
•evenness of disposition and love of ac¬ 
tive life. 

No. 17 is quite a contrast to No. 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


47 


16, as it is indicative of great delicacy 
of organization, and the person must 
have had considerable difficulty in 
maintaining his health as a child. He 
has grown stronger as he has ma¬ 
tured, and stands a chance to live out 
his full span of years if he is prudent 
in the expenditure of his energy. The 
ear slants backward rather than for¬ 
ward, and presents a contrast to No. 
19, where an opposite slant is notice¬ 
able. This ear indicates persistency 
even to stubbornness, and in this re¬ 
spect is a contrast to No. 21. 

No. 18 is evenly developed in the 
three regions. Thus the intellect, the 
vital stamina, and the hold of life are 
all well represented. It indicates 
strong moral and intellectual capacity, 
and the person’s horizon is not cramp¬ 
ed by narrow views. 

No. 19. This ear belongs to a per¬ 
son who has a marked individuality. 
Anyone can see that it is a singularly 
pointed ear. The Helix curves for¬ 
ward, and loses its shape just where 
No. 17 shows to advantage. Both 
ears are typical and are seen in every¬ 
day life, but each is extreme in its 
way, and the persons possessing either 
of these types should try and get out 
of his or her rut and broaden his or 
her environments as much as possible. 
The central portion is narrow, and 
the person is a sufferer from diseases 
of the vital organs. The probable 
term of life will not be a long one. 

No. 20. This ear is peculiar in 
shape, and although it is not so nar¬ 
row or contracted as No. 17, yet the 
person possessing such an ear is not 
so highly sensitive as the one whose 
curve is smaller and more clearly de¬ 


fined. The person who possesses such 
an ear as this can slip along easily 
through life, without having many 
electric shocks or storm clouds. She 
loves the pleasures of life too well to 
be highly particular how or from 
whence they come. She is fond of 
gaieties, balls and socials, and could 
not live the life of a secluded nun. 

No. 21 is a symmetrically formed 
ear. A person possessing such a fine 
Helix and Anti-Helix will be easy to 
get along with, either in business or 
professional life. The health of the 
individual will be maintained to at 
least eighty or eighty-five years, and 
there will be very little need for a 
physician’s advice. His vital organs 
will not get out of order as quickly as 
those of No. 19, and he could visit the 
sick without taking on disease even 
after coming in contact with infection. 
It would be well if the world were 
filled with more persons who pos¬ 
sessed an ear of this description. 

No. 22. This ear is a fine contrast 
to No. 21, inasmuch as it shows many 
irregularities. It belongs to a person 
who likes to live well, and while he 
has money to spend, will lay it out 
without much thought for the mor r . 
row. The pleasures of life are more 
to him than treasures laid up for the 
future; hence he is generous, and has 
many friends while his money lasts, 
but when that fails, hL friends will 
leave him, for he will seek the com¬ 
radeship of those who think of the 
pleasure of the moment. 

We trust we have said sufficient 
upon this important subject to induce 
all students of human nature to make 
a close study of the ears. 




CHAPTER V. 


Mouths Large and Small; Lips and 
Their Significance. 

By Jessie Allen Fowler. 


In judging of the features of the 
face, we are liable, from a physiog¬ 
nomical standpoint, to give more im¬ 
portance to our study of the nose and 


It has been rightly said that the mouth 
and lips express every emotion of the 
mind, while the lips are sentinels to 
the heart, lungs and stomach, which 



No. i. W. M. EVARTS. 

No. 2. CARDINAL MANNING. 

No. 5 . ANTOINE 

eyes than any other part of the face, 
and very often the mouth and chin 
are not studied with as much defi¬ 
niteness or interest as they deserve. 


No. 3. AARON BURR. 

No. 4. CLARA BARTON. 

PROBST. 

make them gateways to the soul. 

Dr. Rogerson says: “The mouth 
supplies us with a trustworthy clue to 
character in conjunction with other 

59 









PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


49 


parts of the human form. Often pic¬ 
tured in the mouth are much earnest¬ 
ness, deep sympathy, acuteness, en¬ 
ergy, forbearance and placidity. The 
mouth is generally the first part of 
the face to give life expression to our 
inward workings. In one moment the 
mouth shows tenderness, in another 
passion. Gliding over it with electric 
rapidity, we perceive some of the 
highest and noblest, as well as some of 
the lowest and basest of all human 
qualities. A curled lip, for instance, 
generally indicates a snarlish spirit; a 


lips at least moderately full. Large 
mouths indicate more character,” says 
he, “than small ones, but very large 
lips always denote a gross, sensual 
and sometimes a stupid and wicked 
person. A calm, uncontracted, uncon¬ 
strained mouth, with well propor¬ 
tioned lips, with a mild, tender, easily 
movable, fine-lined, not too sharply 
pointed forehead, should be revered 
as sacred. A mild overhanging upper 
lip generally signifies goodness. Well 
defined, large, and proportionate lips, 
the middle line of which is equally 




No. 6. REV. HENRY WARD BEECHER. 

FULL AND CLOSED No. 7. W. SHILLABER. 

LIPS. 



THICK AND THIN 
LIPS. 



thick purple lip the lover of beef and 
wine; the thin compressed lip much 
determination and fire of character.” 

Students should bear in mind, how- 
evei, that they must look upon the 
human face in its entirety, and the re¬ 
lation that each individual feature 
bears to the other, and from the 
general outline form an idea or esti¬ 
mate of life, nature, character, dis¬ 
position or tendency of mind. 

The well-known physiognomist, 
Lavater, once wrote: “The wisest and 
best men have well proportioned up¬ 
per and under lips, evenly developed 
and full. Every eloquent man has 


serpentine on both sides and easy to 
be drawn, are never seen in a bad or 
common countenance.” 

Many persons think that a large 
mouth is vulgar, but if it accom¬ 
panies a fine quality of organization it 
shows largeness and liberality of mind 
and generosity of feeling. 

If the mouth is irregular and 
coarse, as well as large, the strength 
and power will be repulsive, and per¬ 
sons will be naturally estranged from 
such people, 

Holcroft says: “Whenever the urn 
der lip (with the teeth) projects hori¬ 
zontally, the half of the mouth in pro- 






5° 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


file, expect—allowing for other gra¬ 
dations—one of the four following 
qualities: stupidity, rudeness, malig¬ 
nity and avarice. 

If the mouth is small, we shall find 
as a result delicacy, refinement and 
concentration of mind. 

When the lips are large, full and 
round, particularly in the case of the 
lower lip, we find that such accom¬ 
pany an expression of the social 
faculties, and there is great intensity 
of mind, warmth of feeling, ardor in 
affection and a warm loving friend¬ 
ship. 

When unduly developed, jealousy 
will creep in and manifest itself as an 
abnormal development of the love 
principle and a hatred toward any ob¬ 
ject that comes between it and its de¬ 
sire. 

Lips that protrude generally pro¬ 
duce boasting, threatening, lying and 
swearing. As they generally indi¬ 
cate a full development of Sublimity, 
Destructiveness and Combativeness, 
they make dogmatic assertions and in 
public speakers we generally hear ex¬ 
travagant language. In homes they 
generally bring unhappiness and de¬ 
stroy concord and peace. They vindi¬ 
cate their rights, as they call them, 
without recognizing the rights of 
other people. 

Thin lips indicate reserve, coolness, 
conservatism, and diplomacy of mind, 
great power of control and capacity to 
take responsibilities. They are non¬ 
committal, and will not communicate 
what people so much like to know, 
namely, personal business *and gossip. 
Gladstone’s lips were thin, long and 
firmly set, and he, it was said, was the 
most conservative Liberal leader in 
the House of' Commons during his 
political campaign. 

Lips that are open, correspond with 
an expressive, spontaneous and open 
nature. They are found to accompany 
an ambitious disposition; such per¬ 
sons seek praise, and public as well as 


private approval. 

After the eyes, we look to the 
mouth to express the inner workings 
of the mind. It is said that we make 
our mouths for ourselves, while God 
has given us the other features of our 
face. A good mouth will often make 
a person forget to look at the indiffer¬ 
ent and badly shaped nose. 



No. 8. COARSE AND VULGAR LIPS. 
No. 9. LUCRETIA MOTT, REFINED 
LIPS. 


FORM OF THE LIPS. 

From the size, proportion and form 
of the lips, we can judge considerably 
of the development of the social pro¬ 
pensities which are located in the pos¬ 
terior part of the head, the lips, mouth 
and chin being interpreters of the back 
part of the head. Amativeness, or the 
faculty which represents ardent love, 
is strongly developed in those persons 
who have large, full, red lips. They 
are ardent, sympathetic and loving in 
disposition; while thos^ persons who 








PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


5i 


nave thin, pale lips are emotionless 
and show a deficiency of warmth in 
love, and never care to be caressed. 
Both kinds may be carried to excess, 
and both should be balanced by other 
characteristics. 

JEALOUSY. 

Jealousy, which is a most undesira¬ 
ble characteristic to possess, shows it¬ 
self in the fullness below the lower 
lip. In excess, it generally accom- 


which surrounds the mouth and draws 
together or closes the lips. When this 
muscle is large and strong, it pro¬ 
duces slightly converging wrinkles in 
the red part of the lips, sometimes ex¬ 
tending slightly into the white part, 
while hospitality is seen when the cor¬ 
ners of the mouth are drawn back¬ 
ward, making two perpendicular or 
slightly curved wrinkles in the cheeks. 
These are often deep and long, and 



No. io. DANIEL WEBSTER. 
No. ii. JOHN JACOB ASTOR. 


panies large Self-Esteem and Appro- 
bativeness, with the attributes of 
scorn, contempt and love of distinc¬ 
tion. It causes much unhappiness in 
society and family life, and strikes a 
discordant note wherever it is mani¬ 
fested. 

FRIENDSHIP AND HOSPITALITY. 

Friendship, which is another of the 
social faculties, is noticeable in per¬ 
sons who have a full, round muscle 


extend along the sides of the nose, 
making quite a furrow on each side of 
this feature of the face. Persons hav¬ 
ing this form of mouth and these ex¬ 
tended lines, desire to extend hospi¬ 
tality and entertain their friends. 

APPROBATIV'ENESS. 

The element of Approbativeness is 
shown in the lips in a very decided 
way through the upper lip lifting it¬ 
self up and exposing the teeth. Thus 








52 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


ambition is largely represented by 
open lips, and is seen in the French 
and Irish more than in the English or 
German. The Negro, who is anxious 
to appear well and receive the good 
opinion of others, manifests this char¬ 
acteristic in a very decided way. 
When approbation is developed in 
excess, it leads to vanity and hyper¬ 
sensitiveness, and should be corrected 


straightness and stiffness of the cen¬ 
ter of the upper lip, and a person with 
such a lip never gives up, and is able 
to meet opposition and adversity with 
great resisting power. 

SELF-ESTEEM IN THE LIP. 

The element of Self-Esteem is to 
be found in a fullness and convexity 
to the upper lip, each side of Firm¬ 
ness, and wherever both of these signs 



No. 12. MARK LEMON. 

No. 13. MARTHA WASHINGTON. 


before it becomes a strong character¬ 
istic. 

It is said that the love of distinction 
is shown in the upper lip when it is 
slightly curled. It leads one to be am¬ 
bitious in some special line of thought 
or work; perverted, it leads to a love 
of notoriety. 

FIRMNESS. 

When we find a stiff upper lip, we 
' may recognize that it is a sign of firm¬ 
ness, for there is a perpendicular 


are developed in one individual, you 
will find that such an one cannot be 
subjected to your control, and he will 
bend others to his way of thinking 
rather than they be forced to follow 
another person’s bidding. 

A lack of Hope is seen in the lips 
when they curve downward. Per¬ 
sons with this disposition find it diffi¬ 
cult to look on the bright side of life, 
and easily become depressed, discour¬ 
aged and even morose. They con- 






PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


53 


sider life is not worth living very 
often, and do not struggle against cir¬ 
cumstances ; while the opposite ele¬ 
ment of Mirthfulness shows itself by 
the corners of the mouth being drawn 
up, as in the face of Sterne, Voltaire 
and Cervantes. These persons were 
noted for their mirthfulness, and it is 
easy to find individuals who repre¬ 
sent this characteristic among those 
who “laugh and grow fat,” and who 
are always seeing the humorous side 



1. Concentrativeness. 7. Patriotism. 

2. Comprehension. 8. Cosmopolitanism. 

3. Application. a. Clearness. 

4. Gravity. b. Precision. 

5. Love of Travel. c. Cheerfulness. 

6. Love of Home. d. Love. 

of things, or poking fun at people. 

LINES OF THE LIPS. 

Dr. Redfield finds eight different 
characteristics which he enumerates 
by lines on the upper and under lip, 
commencing with a line in the center 
of the mouth representing concentra¬ 
tion, which draws the upper down to 
a point, the line next to it denoting 
comprehension, which is shown by 
the length of the upper lip, the line 
outside of this showing patience, while 
the one on the exterior of the upper 
lip indicates gravity or lack of Hope. 
The line in the center of the lower lip 


shows a love of travel, the one lying 
close to it, or half way across the lip, 
love of home; the one three quarters 
across, patriotism, while on on the 
outer edge of the underlip represents 
cosmopolitanism. These are fine points 
of distinction, however, and require 
close observation to distinguish them. 
We remember seeing the face of an 
old woman which was marked all over 
with deep lines and furrows, which 
certainly made a fine study for an 
ardent student of Physiognomy. 

NINE KINDS OF LIPS. 

There are nine principal kinds of 
lips which should be enumerated as 
follows: large, small, regular, irregu¬ 
lar, open, closed, thin, thick and pro¬ 
jecting. 

L^rge mouths indicate more char¬ 
acter than small ones, but here, as in 
all other things, quality must be taken 
into account; they generally indicate 
eloquence and oratorical power. 

Small mouths indicate delicacy and 
sensitiveness of character, and are 
generally found in women, while large 
ones are characteristic of men. 

Regular lips indicate moderation in 
all things and an evenness of temper 
and intellect. 

Irregular lips indicate an unsym- 
metrical character and an uneven dis¬ 
position; when large and coarse, as 
well as irregular, they show rudeness 
and vulgarity of speech and language. 
There is a lack of harmony between 
the active and passive principles of 
the affections, the upper lip repre¬ 
senting the active state of the mind, 
the lower lip the passive condition. 

The open lips, described elsewhere, 
indicate ambition and a lack of re¬ 
serve. 

Closed lips show personal control 
and reserve of character. 

Thin lips denote coldness, industry, 
a love of order, decision, and house¬ 
wifery. They also indicate a cold, 
calculating disposition, tact, and ca¬ 
pacity to hold important affairs. 


54 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


Full thick lips indicate a loving, af¬ 
fectionate and sometimes a sensual na¬ 
ture. 

Projecting or pouting lips indicate 
a coarse, brutal nature, one that seeks 
personal pleasure and shows a strong 
rather than delicate appetite. This 
type is often found among the Ger¬ 
mans and Negroes, while the French, 
on the contrary, are more delicate in 
their tastes, and their lips are in ac¬ 
cordance with their characteristics. 

A straight middle line of the mouth 
is a sign of strength and hardness 
among men, but when a woman takes 
after her father, she may, and does, 
often possess the same characteris¬ 
tics. A lack of affection is seen in 
women when their lips are narrow 
and close, and a disposition is observ¬ 
able that is reserved, secretive and 
abstemious when the lips are much 
compressed. A disposition that is 
communicative, outspoken and frank, 
is found when the lips are parted or 
open, and such persons will seek 
praise and public and private approval. 

The lines around the mouth should 
be studied, as they are indicative of 
considerable character. If the lines at 
the corners of the mouth turn up, they 
accompany a hopeful, mirthful, cheer¬ 
ful and optimistic disposition. If the 
lines from the mouth turn down, the 
characteristics are the reverse to the 
above, and indicate pessimism, hope¬ 
lessness, and a lack of sanguineness, 
buoyancy and elasticity of mind. 

The lips indicate nearly all the 
characteristics of the mind, such as 
friendship, hospitality, jealousy, con¬ 
tempt, ambition, firmness, self-esteem, 
gravity, mirthfulness, complacency, 
self-control, capacity for enjoyment, 
dissatisfaction, hate, love, companion¬ 
ableness, and affection. 

MOUTHS. 

The best type of mouth is that 
which is of a medium size, and of 
which the lips are not too firmly 
pressed together. Dignity, or the lack 


of it; ambition, or the lack of public 
sentiment; self-respect and self-pos¬ 
session, are seen in the mouth. An 
incessant talker, or a weak babbler, or 
a disagreeable gossip, generally carry 
about with them an open mouth. Such 
persons will talk about something even 
if they have nothing much to talk 
about; they will always find something 
to say, and we must remember that 
the orator, the person whose mind is 



No. 14. REV. J. H. BROWN. 
No. 15. FRANCES WILLARD. 


well cultured, is generally endowed 
with this kind of mouth. Thus the 
fluent speaker generally possesses a 
mouth that is flexible and opens eas¬ 
ily. The mouths that are tightly shut 
generally mean decision and courage, 
and belong to persons who can take 
the lead. A good natured person has 
generally full lips which are prefera- 







PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


ble to the closed, thin-lipped mouth 
which belongs to the hard-hearted, 
miserly, reserved individual. Lips 
that are colorless, which belong to the 
closely shut mouth, show a sharp, 
though clever, stingy, harsh and cruel 
disposition which often accompanies 
a man of law, a police officer, or one 
to give correction to inmates of public 
institutions, one who is cold-hearted 
even in taking his pleasures, and is a 



No. 16 . DANIEL O’CONNELL. 
No. 17 . NAPOLEON. 


person from whom one naturally and 
instinctively recoils, for the glance of 
the eyes is generally of a ferret kind, 
such as the peering, sharp, inquisitive, 
domineering look. Such a person is 
rarely trusted with high and noble 
purposes, for there is selfishness, 
avariciousness and cruelty of disposi¬ 
tion. 

When the upper part of the mouth 
hangs over the lower, giving what is 


55 

sometimes called an overhanging up¬ 
per lip, one may expect to find a sweet- 
tempered, kindly disposed, friendly 
and companionable individual. Such a 
person will keep all people at a dis¬ 
tance if the latter do not know their 
place; but they are genial, youthful 
and pliable in disposition. 

If, on the other hand, the under lip 
protrudes, it generally betokens tal¬ 
ent, wit, satire, and even cynicism. If 
a person feels his superiority and spe¬ 
cial contempt for others not so tal¬ 
ented, he will present a curled upper 
lip and a protruding under lip. Such 
persons are not deep, but they are 
often shrewd and capable of throwing 
a guise over their real character and 
succeed in making people believe they 
are what they appear to be, while in 
reality they are only shamming. 

It is said that Cupid’s lips form a 
very charming bow, and this form of 
mouth is typical of good nature if not 
too tightly drawn. 

It will be seen that the lips, as 
well as other features, should not 
present great extremes in order to be 
moderate in all their characteristics. 
Thus they should not be too thin or 
too full, too florid or too pale, to pre¬ 
sent the best types, for the heavy jaw, 
the thick, full pendant lips, the fin¬ 
gers thick at the bases, with large balls 
of the thumb, unite to indicate to us 
the person who seeks self enjoyment, 
the lover of pleasure, the one who 
will look out for the good things of 
the table, and so long as he is not put 
to any trouble himself, may be enter¬ 
taining and kind-hearted; but he will 
not be a person of high culture, of 
philanthropic desires, or one to aim 
high. 

It has been truly said “out of the 
mouth the heart speaketh” and it 
seems to be perfectly true that in time 
the words one utters leave their im¬ 
pression upon all the features of the 
face, but especially upon the mouth, 
and as what issues from the mouth 








56 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


tends to lower or elevate the charac¬ 
ter, so all should be mindful of the 
impression that is being made upon 
the delicate, almost wax-like features, 
and see that they are unsullied and 
beautifully formed. 

The mouth has the advantage of be¬ 
ing under the direction of both the 
motor and sensory nerves; hence the 
mouth is sensitive to both touch and 
taste. There are many muscles around 
the mouth which serve to give it mo¬ 
bility, and the fifth, or trifacial nerve 
is in near touch to this important feat¬ 
ure of the face. It is the sensory part 
of the nerve that branches to the 
palate and gives us our sensitiveness 
of taste; while the sense of smell, com¬ 
ing from the second division of the 
fifth nerve, connects the senses of taste 
and smell. This is probably the rea¬ 
son why our Alimentiveness is grati¬ 
fied when we smell pleasant odors in 
the cooking of food that appeal to us, 
while anything that is unpleasant to 
the sense of smell is repugnant to us. 

The trifacial nerve, which we have 
already spoken about, and which is so 
intimately connected with our study 
of the mouth and lips, is the largest 
cranial nerve, and supplies the skin 
and muscles of the face through three 
divisions, (i) Special Sense in the 
Opthalmic region; (2) Common Sen¬ 
sation in the Superior Maxillary direc¬ 
tion; and (3) Motion in the Inferior 
Maxillary direction. The origin of 
this nerve is in the lateral tract of the 
Medulla Oblongata, immediately be¬ 
hind the Olivary Body. It arises from 
the side of the Pons, and it can be 
traced to the Fourth Ventricle. It 
supplies the center recognized by Dr. 
Ferrier as the Gustatory Center, and 
the location which phrenologists have 
recognized, as well as scientists, to be 
in the Second Tenipero Sphenoidal 
Convolution, called Alimentiveness, 
for without this center in the brain 
persons would lack the delicate sense 
of taste. 


There is therefore quite a connec¬ 
tion between the nerves of sensation 
in the nose and the mouth. 

When persons are very fond of 
home and the family circle, their lips 
indicate this when the lower lip is full 
midway between the center and the 
outer portion. When a person is 



No. 18 . FEMININE LIPS. 

philanthropic and sympathetic, there 
is always to be found considerable 
width of the under lip at the angle of 
the mouth. 

We very seldom find a person with 
a short upper lip who has great powers 
of endurance, while, on the contrary, 
a long upper lip shows the ability of 
the mind to take in broad lines of 
thought, and indicates power of en- 







PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


57 



No. 19. MRS. PHILIP CARPENTER. 
No. 20. MADAME VON KLENNER. 
No. 21. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 


durance, as is seen on the faces of 
President Roosevelt, Governor 
Hughes, Secretary Taft and Benja¬ 
min Franklin. 

Thus where we find two indenta¬ 
tions under the lower lip each side of 
the center, there is an indication of 
love of children, pets and animals. If 
we look for this in persons who have 
the care of an orphanage, a public 
creche or nursery, we shall find this 
indication large. Sir Josiah Mason, 
who had three hundred orphans in his 
home in Erdington, near Birmingham, 
England, possessed this indication in 
a marked degree. 

In short, there are loving, affection¬ 
ate lips and vulgar, coarse lips; cold, 
dead lips and warm, kissing lips; 
large, pliable lips and small, com¬ 
pressed lips; closed, secretive lips and 
open, ambitious lips; stiff upper lips, 
and jealous lower lips; also pouting, 
projecting lips; scornful and con¬ 


temptuous lips; Cupid’s curved lips; 
savage, straight lips; humane, soft 
lips; lively, whispering lips; thin, elo¬ 
quent lips; and full, passionate lips. 
EXPRESSION OF THE MOUTH IN WELL- 
KNOWN PEOPLE. 

No. i. W. M. Evarts. His are 
thin, politic lips. 

No. 2. Cardinal Manning. His are 
small, thin, concentrative, and re¬ 
served lips. 

No. 3. Aaron Burr. His are ex¬ 
pressive, emotional lips. 

No. 4. Clara Barton. She has 
thoughtful, sympathetic and philan¬ 
thropic lips. 

No. 5. Antoine Probst. His lips 
are coarse and brutal. 

No. 6. Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. 
His are full, expressive and humane 
lips. 

No. 7. W. Shillaber. His are in¬ 
tellectual, literary and refined lips. 

No. 8. These are coarse and vul¬ 
gar lips. 



No. 22. LAUGHING, OPEN LIPS. 














58 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



No. 23 . SIR WILFRED LAURIER. 

No. 24 . ADMIRAL FISHER. . 

No. 25 . WM. F. KING. 

No. 26 . THE SULTAN OF TURKEY. 

No. 9. Lucretia Mott. Her lips 
are refined and delicate. 

No. 10. Daniel Webster. His are 
thin, comprehensive lips, and show 
eloquence and concentration in the 
length of the upper portion. 

No. 11. John Jacob Astor. Wide, 
compressed lips, which show great 
versatility in the shortness of the up¬ 
per portion. 

No. 12. Mark Lemon. His are 
long, thin lips, which droop at the cor¬ 
ners, indicating small Hope. 

No. 13. Martha Washington. Hers 
are bright, cheerful, encouraging, 
womanly lips. 

No. 14. Rev. J. IT. Brown. These 
are strong, masculine, well formed 
lips. 

No. 15. Frances Willard. Hers are 
delicate, sensitive, feminine lips. 

No. 16. Daniel O’Connell. His 
lips are eloquent, expressive and 
benevolent. 


No. 17. Napoleon. His upper lip 
is short, showing versatility, ambi¬ 
tion and pride. 

No. 18. These are well formed 
feminine lips. 

No. 19. Mrs. Philip Carpenter. 
Her lips indicate the Mental Tempera¬ 
ment, and show wit, versatility and 
talent. 

No. 20. Madame Von Klenner. 
Her lips show a Well balanced temper¬ 
ament, with a predominance of the 
Sanguine. They indicate ready repar¬ 
tee #and adaptability. 

No. 21. Abraham Lincoln. His 
lips indicate the Motive Temperament, 
and show practical common sense, 
justice and sympathy. 

No. 22. These are laughing, open 
lips. 

No. 23. Sir Wilfred Laurier. His 
lips are strong, positive and manly. 
The upper lip projects, which shows 
public spiritedness. 



No. 27 . PATRICK HENRY. 

No. 28 . WM. J. BRYAN. 

No. 29 . BISHOP FOWLER. 

No. 30 . HON. W. E. GLADSTONE. 













PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


39 



No. 31. BISHOP HENRY POTTER. 
No. 32. JOHN G. MILBURN. 

No. 33. HON. JOSEPH CHOATE. 
No. 34. HON. HENRY B. BROWN. 


No. 24. Admiral Fisher. His 
lips indicate scorn and pride, as well 
as strength and pertinacity. 

No. 25. Wm. F. King. His lips 
show great discernment and versatil¬ 
ity of mind. 

No. 26. The Sultan of Turkey. 
Plis lips show contempt, jealousy and 
selfish pride, as seen particularly in 
the lower lip. 

No. 27. Patrick Henry. His lips 
are thin, eloquent and patriotic. 

No. 28. William J. Bryan. His 
lips are thin, eloquent and versatile. 




PROJECTING LOWER LIP. 


No. 29. Bishop Fowler. His lips 
are thin, and show thought and 
deliberation. 

No. 30. Hon. W. E. Gladstone. 
His lips are thin, and show cos¬ 
mopolitanism. 

No. 31. Bishop Henry Potter. His 
lips are thin, and show eloquence and 
self-possession. 

No. 32. John G. Milburn. His lips 
are thin. The lower lip projects, 
showing geniality and pliability. 

No. 33. Hon. Joseph Choate. His 
lips indicate eloquence, intellectuality 
and humor, as well as analytical 
power. 

No. 34. Hon. Henry B. Brown. 
His lips are thin and somewhat irreg¬ 
ular, but eloquent and versatile. 


/ 



FINE REGULAR LIPS 


OPEN AND CLOSED LIPS 












CHAPTER VI 


Chins and Jaws—Their Interpretation. 

By Jessie Allen Fowler. 


Not until one becomes a student of 
Physiognomy is it possible to realize 
how vast is the variety of each feat¬ 
ure of the face, and the expression 


of chin, namely, a large one, with just 
a few variations from it to fit the dif¬ 
ferent sizes of faces one meets. But 
when one makes a serious study of 



Chins of President Roosevelt and the members of his Cabinet 


that surrounds it. This is particularly 
so with regard to the chin and jaw. 
One might be forgiven for thinking 
that there was only one general type 


chins and jaws, and sets to work to 
collect portraits of distinguished men 
and women, one is convinced that 
there are at least twelve principal 



PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 61 


kinds of chins, and a number of com¬ 
bined chins that offer themselves for 
study, as follows: 

(i) Large; (2) Small; (3) 
Square; (4) Round; (5) Long; (6) 
Short; (7) Broad; (8) Narrow; 
(9) Pointed; (10) Retreating; (n) 
Projecting; (12) Indented; (13) 
Square and Short; (14) Square and 
Round; (15) Square and Long; (16) 
Broad and Short; (17) Broad and 
Round; (18) -Broad and Square; 
(19) Round and Short; (20) Round 
and Long; (21) Pointed and Short; 


desire to love someone or something, 
and accompanies the Vital Tempera¬ 
ment. 

THE LONG CHIN indicates a 
strong will and self-governing pow¬ 
er; also long life. 

THE SHORT CHIN indicates im¬ 
pulse and but little endurance. 

THE BROAD CHIN indicates a 
good strong pulse, love of physical 
pleasures, determination of charac¬ 
ter, power to contend, oppose, and 
fight large and small issues, and a 
good hold on life. 






EX-SECRETARY SHAW. A Retreating Chin. 
JOHN LAWRENCE KNOWLES. A Projecting Chin. 


X22) Pointed and Long. 

The following simple explanation 
may serve to describe them: 

THE LARGE CPIIN is indicative 
of an ample supply of arterial blood 
and long life. 

THE SMALL CHIN shows a 
weak heart and a correspondingly 
weak character. 

THE SQUARE CHIN indicates a 
strong, enduring affection and a 
regular pulse, combined with a Mo¬ 
tive-Mental Temperament. 

THE ROUND CHIN indicates a 


THE NARROW CHIN indicates 
that a person is an easy mark, has but 
little fighting ability or power of re¬ 
sistance, and is easily taken advan¬ 
tage of; hence the chin needs to be 
broadened. 

THE POINTED CHIN indicates 
select conjugal affection adapted ex¬ 
actly to one’s self; is hard to satisfy 
in the love relation, and a person with 
this chin is liable to remain single 
throughout life because love has not 
been returned; has an ardent positive¬ 
ness of character, and always ex¬ 
presses strong opinions. 






62 


PRACTICAL PPIYSIOGNOMY 


THE RETREATING CHIN indi¬ 
cates indecision and a want of will 



WM. J. BRYAN. 
A Large Chin. 


makes them anxious to love someone 
or something, while men have the in- 



GROVER CLEVELAND. 
A Large Chin. 


power, a lack of affection, and a 
small cerebellum. 

THE PROJECTING CHIN indi¬ 
cates great ardency of attachment, a 
passionate regard for the object of 
one’s affection, and strong will power 
in carrying through any special line 
of work. It dislikes to be thwarted in 



PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT. 
A Square Chin. 


dented chin, which shows a desire to 
be loved. 

THE SQUARE AND SHORT 
CHIN has one advantage, and that 
is that it is capable of enduring quite 
a little hardship. But being short, 
the endurance is limited, and while 
people can hold on tenaciously for a 



ADMIRAL DEWEY. 
A Square Chin. 


its undertakings, and consequently 
shows great tenacity of purpose. 

THE INDENTED CHIN shows a 
great desire to be loved, a hunger and 
thirst for affection, and a person pos¬ 
sessing such a chin is miserable with¬ 
out someone of the opposite sex to 
care for them. Such chins are more 
common in men than in women. 
Women have a dimpled chin, which 



JUDGE PARKER. 
A Broad Chin. 


while, their strength is not so posi¬ 
tive as is found in the chin that is 
square and long. It will be easily 
seen that the shortness of the chin 
shows it has a weak element in it, 
and the person should take some pre¬ 
cautions against over exertion. 

THE SQUARE AND ROUND 
CHIN. This chin seems almost a 
misnomer, and it may be asked how a 



GEN. HORACE PORTER. 
A Broad Chin. 



















PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


63 


thing can be both square and round. 
We have seen chins, however, that 


MRS. CLARENCE BURNS. 

A Round Chin. 

were square, with the exception of a 
little curve at the outside edge, and 
while the chin began to be square 
from the upper portion, it seemed to 
change its mind and round off at the 
corners. This is one of the most en¬ 



during and loving chins we have; it 
combines strength and affection, and 
what man or woman is there who 
fails to appreciate these characteris¬ 
tics when they are presented. It in¬ 
dicates the mental qualities of Firm¬ 
ness, Self-Esteem, Destructiveness, 
Parental Love and Amativeness. 
THE SQUARE AND LONG 



benjamin franklin. 

A Square and Long Chin. 


CHIN differs from the last named in¬ 
asmuch as it shows very little affec- 



MRS. DEVEREAUX BLAKE. 
A Round Chin. 


tion, but a considerable amount of 
tenacity. Great feats of endurance 
a»d valor are accomplished with this, 
form of chin. Cromwell, Dewey and 
Washington are examples of this 
type, though Washington’s chin was. 



A Projecting Chin. 

slightly rounded, but not enough to> 
be classified wjth the square and 
round chin. The characteristics that 
accompany this chin are seen through 
the development of Combativeness,. 
Firmness, Destructiveness and Con¬ 
scientiousness. The Rev. G. Camp¬ 
bell Morgan, D.D., has this kind 

of chin; so has Cardinal Gib¬ 

bons; and formerly Roosevelt’s chin 
was after this order, but of late 
years, since he has taken on more 



MRS. FRANCIS KING. 
A Round and Long Chin. 


















64 PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


of the Vital Temperament, and 
his experience has widened, he has 



REV. HENRY BUCHTELL. 
A Long Chin. 


developed a roundness with the 
squareness of his chin. Garfield, Jr., 
is another example of this type of 
chin. Edison has also a square and 
long chin, and by his achievements he 
has certainly demonstrated his re¬ 
markable pertinacity of mind. Cleve¬ 
land comes under this type, with his 
rugged outline of chin, for it is 
broad, long and pronounced. The 
Rev. Dr. Henry A. Buchtell, Gov¬ 
ernor of Colorado, also has a square 
and long chin, while the Rev. Arthur 



CARDINAL GIBBONS. 
A Square Chin. 


Jamieson has a long, square and pro¬ 
jecting chin. Those who know the 
Rev. Dr. Richards, of Fifth Avenue, 
New York, will realize at once that 
he has a square, short chin, when 
compared with that of Abraham Lin¬ 
coln, who is a magnificent example 
of a square, long, enduring chin. The 
square and long chin endures fatigue 
and hardship, and remains faithful 



H. H. VREELAND. 

A Broad and Round Chin. 


throughout life even though distance 
and death separate the person who 



WOODROW WILSON. 
A Long Chin. 


possesses such a chin from the object 
of his work and affection. 

THE BROAD AND SHORT 
CHIN is indicative of an excellent 
hold on life, though the life may not 
be so long as is represented in the 
broad and square chin. It combines 
the Motive and Mental Tempera¬ 
ments, and although the affection is 
strong, it is not so enduring as the 
broad and square. The Right Hon. 
Joseph Chamberlain has a broad but 
rather short chin; so had Mrs. Har- 



WM. DEAN HOWELLS. 
A Square Chin. 


riet Beecher Stowe and Sir f. Stainer. 

THE BROAD AND ROUND 
CHIN combines the Vital and Motive 
Temperaments. Thus there is a 
genial mastership in persons possess¬ 
ing this kind of chin, with a desire 
to control, and at the same time to 
mete out conciliatory measures. The 
round part of the chin adds affec¬ 
tionate regard and sincerity to the in- 



CAMPBELL BANNERMAN. 
A Round and Short Chin. 
















PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


65 


dividual’s character, or rather illus¬ 
trates this portion of his nature. 



MME. VON KLENNER. 
A Round Chin. 


Speakers with this kind of chin pre¬ 
fer a mixed audience. The Hon. Seth 
Low has this type of chin, though 
there is another characteristic in it 
which we shall mention later. Dr. 
Darlington has a Iproad, round chin, 
■which indicates his tenacity of mind 
and general outlook of character. 
Seth Low’s chin weakens as it comes 
to the center, and thus changes its 
outline from that of Dr. Darlington’s. 



DALMORES. 


A Square Chin. 

The indentation in the center of the 
former is not seen in the latter. 

THE BROAD AND SQUARE 
CHIN is perhaps the strongest indica¬ 
tion of decision, will power and mas¬ 
terfulness of mind that we have, and 
corresponds very largely with the 
square and long chin. It shows that 
the person does not want to give up 
his work, and seldom does until that 
work is accomplished. We find this 
characteristic represented in William 



FRANK C. BOSTOCK. 


A Broad, Round and Indented Chin. 


Dean Howells; his chin is certainly of 
that type which is enduring and ma- 



CECELIA LOFTUS. 
A Round Chin. 


jestic in its power. The pulse is 
strong in this type. It accompanies a 
character which possesses a strong 
will, great determination of mind, and 
ability to go through great hardships, 
trials and fatigue. Nearly all the 
world’s generals have had this kind of 
chin. They have not been without 
affection, but they have known how to 
keep the latter under control, and 
have shown less sentiment than those 



A Square Chin. 


possessing the broad and round chin. 
Edmund Freemantle is an example of 
this type. Where the chin is broad 
and square, we may look for violent 
love without reason, and if a person 
has not some great executive work to 
accomplish, and centers his mind upon 
his social relations, he may manifest 
a devoted attachment bordering on 
worship. 

THE ROUND AND SHORT 
CHIN indicates more of the Vital 



SETH LOW. 

A Round, Short and Indented Chin. 














66 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


Temperament, and is very expressive 
in its affectionate regard for anyone, 


HOMER DAVENPORT. 

A Round and Narrow Chin. 

or any work. It needs something to 
strengthen it; thus the cultivation of 
will, or Firmness, is necessary to in¬ 
crease the tenacity of the individual. 
Such persons generally have a strong 
development of the cerebellum, which 
they show in impulsive affection and 
parental instinct toward the young or 
helpless. But let any great trial come 



MR. THEODORE SUTRO. 
A Masculine' Chin. 


love, or constancy. This sign, to¬ 
gether with that of ardent love, gives 



A Round and Long Chin. 

a roundness to the chin, and an ex¬ 
pression of devotedness, and is more 
frequently accompanied by a san¬ 
guine temperament than otherwise. 
We might say here that the breadth 
of the middle part of the lower jaw, 
under the molar teeth, indicates a love 
of physical beauty, and should be re- 



MRS. THEODORE SUTRO. 
A Feminine Chin. 




to such an individual, and it generally 
goes hard with that one; hence there 
is a need for the development of the 
more enduring faculties. 

THE ROUND AND LONG 
CHIN is indicative of a strong cere¬ 
bellum and determined resistance 
against any encroachments that may 
interfere with the object of the per¬ 
son’s resolve. This chin denotes the 
existence of the faculties of faithful 



SAMUEL NEWHOUSE. 
A Round and Long Chin. 


strained. 

THE POINTED AND SHORT 
CHIN indicates that the person has a 
critical attitude toward almost every¬ 
thing, and a disposition that is not 
easily satisfied with conditions as they 
are. But, being short as well as 
pointed, the criticism does not amount 
to so much as that of the person who 
possesses the long pointed chin. 



. ADELAIDE JOHNSON. 
A Pointed and Long Chin. 












PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


67 


THE POINTED AND LONG 
CHIN accompanies in an individual 
the desire to split hairs and see differ¬ 
ences between one person and an¬ 
other, or one work and another. Such 
a mind is microscopic and analytical; 
it comes to decisions quickly, and 
points out discrepancies and errors. 
This is the chin that is capable of 
specializing, of writing reviews, of 
becoming a superintendent of schools, 
or work of almost any kind. It indi¬ 
cates a specialist in art or oratory, 
and manifests a capable mind to 
gather information. We notice this 
type of chin in Samuel L. Clemens 
(Mark Twain) and W. M. Evarts, 
though in each case the chins project; 
hence they should be classified under 
the projecting cnin as well. This chin 
shows ardor and positiveness of char¬ 
acter, which when abnormal often 
amounts to jealousy and mistrust, and 
if its desires are not satisfied, the per¬ 
son will manifest a love sickness, and 
even insanity and revenge. If a little 
roundness could be introduced into 
this type of chin, then some sympathy 
might be expressed, and forgiveness 
expected. But such a chin gives a 
desire to punish severely when there 
is any cause for suspicion or doubt. 
A person with a pointed chin should 
certainly endeavor to round it out for 
the sake of his or her own feelings, 
and the safety of the public. It is 
not that the cerebellum is so large in 
such an individual, but it is the 
strength of oneness and the desire to 
control the object of its regard that 
makes the individual appear to love 
more ardently than anyone else. 

It will be found that the bones of 
the face correspond in a remarkable 
way to the outline or form of the 
skull, and when we study the skull 
and face together, we realize that the 
posterior region of the head corre¬ 
sponds very largely with the forma¬ 
tion of the lower part of the face. 
For instance, the width of the jaw, as 


well as the width of the chin, corre¬ 
sponds effectively with the breadth 
behind the ears and the width of the 
posterior lobe, or cerebellum. 

Combativeness is located slightly 
above and behind the ear, and where 
this faculty is largely pronounced, it 
is expressed in the face by a wide 
jaw, giving breadth to the face di¬ 
rectly under the Malar bones. The 
Inferior Maxillary bone is therefore 
directly influenced by the cerebellum, 
and that part of the cerebrum which 
is concerned largely in the develop¬ 
ment of will; and on this account we 
see that its physiognomical value is 
an index of the function of the cere¬ 
bellum, the central basilar portion of 
the cerebrum, and the height of the 
crown of the head. 

The intensity of the development of 
Amativeness is indicated by the an¬ 
terior and lateral development of the 
jaw, while its downward development 
indicates the power of will, or deter¬ 
mination of mind. This fact is .fol¬ 
lowed out in large averages by the 
races of men who have been most pro¬ 
lific; as is seen, for instance, in the 
English, German, Scotch, Irish and 
Russians, as compared with the Chi¬ 
nese, Hindoos and Malays, represent¬ 
ing the people of the East, who have 
a much smaller chin and cerebellum, 
and are known for being much less 
prolific in the expression of Amative¬ 
ness. 

We might also mention the North 
American Indians, as they make fine 
examples of a retreating chin and a 
small posterior lobe. The love ele¬ 
ment is not particularly manifested 
in the Indian, and those who have 
traveled among the Indians tell us 
that their families rarely consist of 
more than two or three children. 

We might also point out that idiots 
have very little chin, and are corre¬ 
spondingly deficient in the region of 
the cerebellum. 

Were we to sum up the various ele- 


68 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


ments of the social brain, as expressed 
in the chin, we would speak of them 



wm. McKinley. 

An Indented and Short Chin. 

as follows: The Pointed Chin; the 
Indented Chin; the Narrow, Square 
Chin; the Broad Square Chin; and 
the Broad, Round Chin. These types 
represent Amativeness and Conjugal¬ 
ity, and as there are different kinds 
of love, so there must be various 



JOHN S. CROSBY. 

An Indented and Square Chin. 


signs to correspond with them, and 
the chin should be studied so that a 
person can understand these different 
kinds or degrees of affection. 

Conjugality is largely represented 
in the pointed chin which projects an¬ 
teriorly, and forces the Inferior Max¬ 
illary bone beyond the line of the Su¬ 
perior Maxillary. It is largely repre¬ 
sented in women, in fact, more so 
than in men, and this accounts for the 
indentation under the lower lip and 
the forcing forward of the chin itself. 



CHARLES SCHWAB. 
An Indented and Long Chin. 


It does not show will power or de¬ 
termination of mind, as does the long 
pointed chin. A lady possessing this 
kind of feature is generally very ex¬ 
clusive in her affections, and if 
thwarted or disappointed in her first 
love, rarely finds a second object to 
fill her mind’s desire. 

The Indented Chin is more particu¬ 
larly represented in the faces of men 
than of women. This gives the Desire 
to be Loved. It looks somewhat out 
of place, however, on the face of a 
man, 'as we generally look for the 
square set chin in men. But as many 
men take after their mothers, it is not 
to be wondered at that this character¬ 
istic has been passed on to the 
stronger sex. When accompanied by 
other balancing qualities, it is not an 
undesirable characteristic, examples 
of which we see in the chins of Mc¬ 
Kinley, Bryan, John S. Crosby and 
Frank C. Bostock. If found in a 
woman, it indicates the coquette, as in 
contradistinction to the pointed chin 
which shows the desire to love but 
one. 

The narrow, square chin gives a 
prominence to the Inferior Maxillary 
bone, and its development manifests 
itself next to the above named at¬ 
tribute (the Desire to be Loved). 
Thus we see the narrow, square chin 
on the faces of many women, but not 
so often on the faces of men. We 
can account for this sign in many 
women who marry men who are be¬ 
neath them in social standing and in 
intellectual culture. When this fac¬ 
ulty of Desire to Love is united with 
that of Conjugality, the two make a 
very fine combination for a woman, 
and incline her, as a wife, to cling 
closely to the husband of her choice. 

The broad, square* chin shows 
breadth in the fore part of the chin 
laterally, or outside of the sign of 
Desire to be Loved, and under the 
canine teeth. This development shows 
itself through its intensity; thus, 










PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


coupled -with this, is ardent love. 
This sign distinctly belongs to a man’s 
face, as compared with the narrow, 
square chin that belongs to the face 
of a woman. The character of this 
kind of love shows itself in earnest¬ 
ness of devotion, and a person being 
very tenacious who develops this 
chin, it manifests itself very often in 
violence and even insanity. It should 
therefore be distinctly controlled, and 
not allowed to have its own way. 

The broad, round chin indicates a 
full representation of most of the so¬ 
cial faculties. The breadth of the 
jaw under the molar teeth, and next 
to the sign of devoted love, denotes 
the combined faculties of Amativeness 
and Conjugality. The roundness of 
contour give's the love element, and 
the squareness gives the endurance 
and fidelity. This chin is more often 
found among women than men, and 
many instances have proved this fact, 
namely, that women have continued to 
cling to their husbands (even when 
the latter have proved unfaithful), to 
the surprise of their friends. The 
function of this faculty shows itself 
in embracing and kissing; and, fur¬ 
thermore, is indicated by the fullness 
of the red part of the lips. 

At the broadest part of the Inferior 
Maxillary bone, we find the strongest 
indication of the love element which 
is often called “insane love.” Unfor¬ 
tunately, there are too many persons 
who seem to have this development, 
and reports are numerous in the pa¬ 
pers which go to prove that in its ex¬ 
treme sense it leads to violent expres¬ 
sion of passionate love. Persons who 
go to the extreme of expressing this 
passion not unfrequently take their 
own lives as well as those of their 
lovers. It has its sign beyond that of 
the love of physical beauty, and is 
rarely found in woman, but quite 
often in men. Many criminals have 
this sign very largely developed. 

As we study the chin closely, we 


69 

see that it indicates another very im¬ 
portant factor in the human mind, and 
that is the power of will. The former 
(Love) acts upon the chin in a hori¬ 
zontal way, giving breadth and an¬ 
terior projection; while the latter 
(Will) acts upon the chin perpendicu¬ 
larly, which causes length and a 
downward projection. Thus all ob¬ 
servers of Physiognomy will readily 
see that the expression of love in the 
chin gives breadth and fullness on 
the sides of the center, while will 
pushes the chin outward, so much so 
that you can take hold of such a chin 
and shake it. * But this is not possible 
with a person who possesses a uni¬ 
formly round, broad and rather short 
chin. Take two individuals who have 
these marked characteristics; the one 
>vho has the round, broad chin is 
easily overthrown in his purpose, yet 
shows a strong desire for the time be¬ 
ing to accomplish his work, while the 
other, showing a long and extended 
chin, is seldom to be deterred from 
carrying out his object. 

Besides the indication of Love and 
Will, we have the physiological indi¬ 
cation of Long Life and ability to 
hold on to life under tremendous 
odds; and also the indication of good 
circulation, heart force and healthy 
kidneys. We have known of a num¬ 
ber of physicians who have studied 
Physiognomy for the sake of learning 
the localization of disease in the face, 
and all physicians who want to get 
Physiognomy down to a fine point, 
can do much for themselves by study¬ 
ing the physiognomical indications of 
health Or disease. No persons with 
narrow, weak or contracted chins are 
known for their strong circulatory 
power or heart force, and no persons 
who are weak in the development im¬ 
mediately in front of the angle of the 
Inferior Maxillary bone, which is an 
inch each side of the center, show 
strong healthy kidneys. 

We have failed yet to find persons 


7o 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


who have lived to a great age, say one 
hundred years old, who have pos- 


with broken vows and misshapen acts, 
and allows himself to follow his pas- 


SUSAN B. ANTHONY. 

A Square Jaw. 

sions, lust, hate, fornication, adultery, 
gluttony and murder, then all that is 
spiritual and holy goes out of the chin, 
and only malice, envy, hatred and dis¬ 
sipation are therein indicated. 

It can be taken as a safe guide that 
social people have broad chins; selfish 
people have narrow chins; while 
weakly, unnatural and unsuccessful 
people possess retreating chins. The 
courageous, bold and energetic per¬ 
sons have protruding chins, and will 
always lead and govern, while per¬ 
sons with weak, retreating chins fall 
back, refuse to fight, shuffle out of 
their duties, and make excuses when 
they fail. Wellington, Napoleon, 
Washington, Livingstone, Bishop 
Fraser, Miss Willard, Franklin, 
Cromwell, and others, had resolution, 
firmness and strength of will which 
was shown by a good, strong, square 
j aw. 

In all pugnacious persons we find 
that the chin protrudes, and all who 
(’are to do unusual things have this 


MME. TETRAZZINI. 
A Double Chin. 


sessed a weak, retreating chin. It is 
the prevailing indication of long life 
to express itself in a well developed 
chin. Thus manly men and womanly 
women possess well formed chins; 
while effeminate men and weak wom¬ 
en and idiots have indifferently 
formed chins, or none at all to speak 
of. 

The chin is amenable to changes, 
just the same as the nose, eyes and 
ears change with expression of char¬ 
acter. Consequently we do not re¬ 
tain the same outline of form in the 
face that we have when children, un¬ 
less we remain children in mental 
growth. The chin develops as the 
brain develops, and if persons live 
healthy, Christian lives, believe in 
moderation, and maintain their hope¬ 
fulness as well as intelligence, with a 
love for humanity, home, wife, chil¬ 
dren, and their Maker, then their 
chins will manifest the same even, 
well-balanced outline. But if an indi¬ 
vidual misspends his life, and fills it 


ELIZABETH CADY STANTON. 
A Double Chin. 


JANE ADDAMS. 
A Round Jaw. 














PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


outline of chin. If the thoughts of 
people are concentrated for a sufficient 
length of time on any special line of 
work, the chin is sure to catch the in¬ 
spiration and be impressed thereby; 
just as imbecility and cowardliness 
cause it to retreat. 

Where there is a double chin, we 
find that persons act more in the ca¬ 
pacity of helping forward a great 
cause or business than in taking the 
lead. It will be found that in the 
case of Miss Anthony and Mrs. Stan¬ 
ton, Miss Anthony was the leader and 
pioneer, while Mrs. Stanton made a 
fine second, and supported Miss An¬ 
thony with her intellectual ability. 
Mrs. Stanton’s chin indicated wom¬ 
anly love, affection and regard for 
her home, children and husband; 
while Miss Anthony centralized her 
regard, love and affections on the 
broader lines of humanity, and was 
married to her work. Mrs. Stanton 
possessed a fine example of the double 
chin, and at the same time possessed a 
strong, round outline above the full¬ 
ness below it. Where the features, 
chin and neck are distinctly chiseled, 
there is no desire to follow the ruling 
of another; hence decision, self-reli¬ 
ance and force of character are in evi¬ 
dence. But where there is a loose, 
hanging, flabby under chin, there is a 
resemblance to those things that are 
flexible. Characters possessing the 
latter are plodding, economical, 
careful, acquisitive, and show genial¬ 
ity, pliability and obeisance; while the 
former show aggressiveness, fire, pas¬ 
sion, extravagance and largeness of 
views. 

JAWS. 

As we have once remarked that 
there are all kinds of chins so there 
are many kinds of jaws. 

There are four kinds of jaws, 
namely, Broad, Long, Short and Nar- 


7i 

row; and -when we speak of the jaw, 
we refer to the face from the ear 
downward to the tip of the chin. 

If the jaw is broad half way down 
this length, it shows tenacity, courage 
and daring. If it is long, it shows 
invincibleness and unyieldingness. If 
it is short, it shows weakness and in¬ 
stability. If it is narrow, it indicates 
criticism, analysis, and a strong de¬ 
sire to point out discrepancies, errors 
and mistakes; persons possessing such 
a jaw are wanting in tenderness, and 
make few excuses for those who are 
found in error. If the jaw is round 
from the ear to the chin, as well as 
long, there is strength and geniality 
combined. 

Thus the broad jaw indicates the 
power of will over others, and ability 
to control large concerns. The long 
jaw indicates will power over one’s 
self, or self-governing power and 
long life. The short jaw indicates 
impulse, but not endurance. The nar¬ 
row jaw indicates strength, but not 
pugnacity. The length of the lower 
jaw downwards, just under the large 
molar teeth, or about the middle of 
the jaw, indicates perseverance. One 
who has this sign large is persistent 
in his undertakings; he never rests 
until he has finished. This is the 
faculty of taking pains, and to one 
with ambition and intelligence it is a 
better birth gift than a silver spoon. 
This sign is invariably large in stu¬ 
dents, naturalists, astronomers and 
mathematicians. 

The faculty of resolution is indi¬ 
cated by the length of the lower jaw 
downward, under the incisor teeth, 
just forward of the angle of the jaw. 
One who has the sign of resolution 
large is very energetic, and is quite 
efficient. When this sign is small, the 
jaw is short, and one almost insensi¬ 
bly feels the deficiency of the charac¬ 
ter ; it is not unamiable, but it is weak. 


CHAPTER VII 


The Forehead, Its Shape, and the Lines 
Found Thereon, 


There is considerable to study in 
the forehead as an indication of char¬ 
acter, and as we find many variations 
of mental development shown in the 
fore part of the head, the differentia¬ 
tion of it will prove to be a profitable 
source of investigation. 



CHARLES DARWIN. 

Large Perceptives. 

The Forehead is not always scien¬ 
tifically studied, and we have often 
heard the remark made that a person 
with a retreating forehead is of no 
use in the world; while a person with 
an overshadowing brow is thought to 
be dull, stupid and. self absorbed. We 


will endeavor to straighten out some 
of these ideas, and give illustrations 
to support our theories. 

In order to simplify our method, 
we will divide the Forehead into 
three parts: the Base, or the Percep¬ 
tive and Observing Region; the Cen- 



HORACE MANN. 
Large Reflectives. 


tral or the Comparative ana Retent¬ 
ive Region; and the Upper, or the 
Reflective and Reasoning Region. 
THE PERCEPTIVE AND OBSERVING RE¬ 
GION. 

When the brow, or lower part of 
the forehead projects, we find that 





PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


73 



REPRESENTATIVE FOREHEADS. 
Hon. Earl Grey. 

Herbert H. .Asquith. 

The Earl of Elgin. 

John Morley. 

Richard B. Haldane. 

James Bryce. 



LARGE PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES. 

the Perceptive Centres predominate 
over the Reflective Region, as in the 
case of Charles Darwin, the Scientist. 
When this part is actively developed, 
a person is quick to observe, shrewd 
in taking in at a glance what is pass¬ 
ing like a panorama before his sight, 
and he remembers with definiteness 
what he sees, as was the case with 
Gladstone, who possessed an im¬ 
mense brow for gathering facts. If 
the eyebrows are straight and close to 
the eyes, which is generally the case 
when the Perceptive Faculties are 
large, they seem to protect that part 
of the brow, especially the eyes, 
which are deep-set, and they thus 
form a kind of shade or umbrella for 
the transmission of the light from the 
physical eyes, and enable them to 
register impressions on the brain, as 
is the case with Admiral Dewey. 

Now, if the lower part of the fore¬ 
head predominates, as is the case with 












PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


74 

all scientists, and the upper part ap¬ 
parently slants off, one must take into 
account how much more the observ¬ 
ing faculties are developed beyond 
the normal line, and how much the 
Reflective Faculties are deficient, or 
recede from the straight line of the 
forehead. Illustrations of this point 
are to be seen in Mr. John Drew and 
the Rev. Arthur Jamieson. 

Great injustice is often done to per¬ 
sons possessing the so-called receding 
forehead when this idea is not taken 
into account. For instance, Charles 
Darwin and Herbert Spencer are 
very good illustrations of large Per¬ 
ceptive and Reflective Faculties; but 
Charles Darwin was not so deficient 
in the Reflective Group as many peo¬ 
ple suppose, which is seen when his 
straight line of forehead is properly 
considered. Neither was Herbert 
Spencer so greatly deficient in the 
Perceptive Faculties, only that they 
looked deficient in comparison with 



LARGE REFLECTIVE FACULTIES. 



REPRESENTATIVE FOREHEADS. 
Herbert J. Gladstone. 

Sir Robert T. Reid. 

Lord Tweedmouth. 

David Lloyd-George. 

John Burns. 

Earl of Aberdeen. 










PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


his over shadowing Reflective Facul¬ 
ties. Charles Bush, the Cartoonist, 
and Geo. Rockwood, the Photogra¬ 
pher, are good comparisons of the 
Perceptive and Reflective foreheads. 

In order to be accurate observers, 
one must cover up the part that is 
very large, and see how much there 
is in the region that is apparently de¬ 
ficient. (Wm. McKinley and Gov. 
Buchtell are good illustrations of the 



LARGE RETENTIVE FACULTIES. 

above statement, as Gov. Buchtell has 
strong Perceptive and Wm. McKin¬ 
ley large Reflective Faculties.) Then 
we shall form a proper estimate of 
the existing mental development. We 
also notice that Admiral Dewey, Rus¬ 
sell Sage, and Senator Depew have 
well developed Perceptive faculties. 

When the Perceptive Region is 
predominant, we know that the in¬ 
dividual will be shrewd, practical, 
and quick of observation, and more 


75 


LARGE REFLECTIVES. 

Wm. McKinley. 

LARGE PERCEPTIVES. 

Rev. Henry Buchtell. 

liable to be impulsive and act on the 
spur of the moment, rather than in¬ 
clined to reflect or reason upon what 
he sees. Such a person wishes to 
identify objects in Nature, and de¬ 
sires to see their practical existence, 
and test their usefulness; but he will 
seldom stop to think whether he is 
right in his observations or .not. 

THE COMPARATIVE AND RETENTIVE 
REGION. 

When the Comparative or Retent¬ 
ive Region is full, the possessor will 
show a keen memory of events, criti¬ 
cism, analogy or comparison. He 
will split hairs in order to point out 
some difference, and will be able to 
classify and illustrate works of art, 
objects in Nature, or material and 
textures in business. If the person 
is a speaker, he will use this region of 
his head to point out metaphors, simi¬ 
larities and examples; he will become 
an expert and an overseer in busi- 


LARGE PERCEPTIVES. 
Admiral Dewey. 

LARGE REFLECTIVES. 
Wm. Cullen Bryant. 














*6. PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



LARGE PERCEPTIVES. 

Gen. Benj. Tracy. 

LARGE REFLECTIVES. 

Prof. Chas. Blanchard. 

ness, or an art or musical critic as Dr. 
Stainer. He sees the harmonies and 
discords in life and character as well 
as in music, and applies his knowledge 
in an exact manner. Dr. Egbert 
Guernsey, Dr. John Hall, President 
Roosevelt, and Wilson MacDonald 
are also good examples of this devel¬ 
opment of forehead. 

THE REFLECTIVE OR REASONING RE¬ 
GION. 

If the upper part of the forehead 
is in predominance, and stands well 
out from the lower line of the brow, 
then the possessor will manifest more 
thought or reflection than scientific 
observation. He will be governed 
first by his reflection and philosophy, 
and secondly by personal experience. 
His deep thought will govern him 
more than practical common sense. 
Horace Mann was a man specially 
endowed with a reflective mind, but 
he had the common sense to keep on 
the track and push reforms. 


LARGE REFLECTIVES. 
Geo. G. Rockwood. 

LARGE PERCEPTIVES. 
Charles Bush. 


A person abnormally endowed will 
dwell upon an idea so long that he 
will think that the thing actually ex¬ 
ists, when it may be only an impres¬ 
sion. Such persons are often absent- 
minded, and stumble into many acci¬ 
dents because they fail to see what is 
before them. They are often highly 
sensitive, and fancy insults when 
none are intended, and it becomes 
very difficult for persons to right 
themselves in such minds, even when 
the supposed offender has not the 
slightest intention of a misdemeanor. 

BROAD AND NARROW FOREHEADS. 

A broad, square forehead belongs 
to a person who possesses wide and 
comprehensive views, and in Eng¬ 
land such a person is generally con¬ 
sidered as coming from Cambridge 
University, and is liberal, practical, 
logical and matter-of-fact, like Dr. 


LARGE PERCEPTIVES. 

Rev. Arthur Jamieson. 

LARGE REFLECTIVES. 

Mr. John Drew. 

Alfred Russell Wallace. While the 
narrow forehead is proportionately 
biased by contracted ideas and mental 
views. 

THE HIGH AND LOW FOREHEADS. 

The High Forehead tends to give 
the individual sustained thought, 
lofty ideas and philosophic theories. 
Such an endowed person is generally 
considered as possessing an Oxford 
University head, or as hailing from 
such a center of learning. Rev. Hen¬ 
ry S. Clubb, Wm. C. Bryant, Dr. 
Dodd, and the Hon. Arthur Balfour 
are fine illustrations of this type of 
head. 

The Low Forehead and shaggy 
brow is proportionately intent on see- 


















PRACTICAL .PHYSIOGNOMY 


:/7 



LINES OF COMMAND. 


ing, and traveling, instead of spend¬ 
ing much time over books. 

LINES IN THE FOREHEAD AND FACE. 

There is a reason for every line in 
the face, and the brain is the archi¬ 
tect of them. Those about the mouth 
have already been described in our 
Chapter on Mouths, but many lines 
cluster around the forehead and be¬ 
tween the eyes, as is seen in the fore¬ 
heads of Wm. T. Stead, Bishop Pot¬ 
ter, Bishop McCabe, Rev. Thomas 
Gallaudet and General Booth. 


HORIZONTAL LINES OF COMMAND. 

It is said that you cannot use au- 



LINE OF CRITICISM. 


thority and give commanding direc¬ 
tions without lowering your eye¬ 
brows. This action of the mind 
causes several transverse horizontal 
wrinkles to appear between the eyes; 
sometimes two, sometimes three ap¬ 
pear and make deep crevices at the 
root of the nose. Everyone, more or 
less, has seen persons knit their brows 
when using commanding terms, and 
the more persons use their Firmness 
and Self-Esteem the stronger the in¬ 
dentations become. Thus students 
should know that persons who pos¬ 
sess them are in the habit of dictating 
their orders in a strong, strenuous 
way, as seen in pictures of Gladstone, 




LINES OF COMMAND. 

Gen. Booth. 

Theodore Roosevelt, W. MacDonald, 
General Booth and Wm. Stead. 

PERPENDICULAR LINES OF JUSTICE. 

We have often been asked what the 
two perpendicular lines between the 
eyes mean. They indicate a love of 
justice, and are caused by a contrac¬ 
tion of the muscles, when a person 
tries to look at both sides of a ques¬ 
tion and judge fairly. They are the 
lines of criticism and comparison, and 
when this characteristic is very large¬ 
ly developed, we find that Conscien- 



LINE OF CRITICISM. 


tiousness rules in such an individual. 

These lines are produced by con¬ 
tracting the brow through severe 
thought and conscientious scruples, or 
a painstaking disposition, also in per¬ 
sons who toe the mark, and do as they 
agree. Such persons desire accurate 
statements; they are correct observ- 
. ers, and neither magnify nor detract 
from the truth, like Abraham Lincoln. 



LINES OF JUSTICE. 


Wm. T. Stead. 


LINES OF JUSTICE. 









78 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



LINES OF CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 


LINES OF CRITICISM. 

Sometimes the space between the 
eyes is folded into one wrinkle, which 
denotes a criticism over small money 
matters. If accounts are not correctly 
kept, if every penny cannot be ac¬ 
counted for, or if too much has been 
paid for certain articles, the line in¬ 
variably deepens, and forms one 
strong indentation. Some people are 
very mintte in details over money 
matters, while others care nothing for 
details, but simply generalize, and put 
down so much for profit and loss in 
their accounts. 



LINES OF HOPE AND INSPIRA¬ 
TION. 

CURVED LINES MEANING HOPE AND 
ENTHUSIASM. 

When we find three or more lines 
running across the forehead in a 
curved or wavy condition, we may ex¬ 
pect to find that a person possessing 
them is hopeful. He sees success 
through his. imagination, and that 
causes him to raise his forehead, and 
the nervous and muscular influence 
brought to bear on the forehead ex¬ 
presses itself in this way. The or¬ 
gan of Hope is largely responsible 
for these lines, as well as the faculty 



LINES OF CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 
AND COMMAND. 

Wilson MacDonald. 


of Sublimity, both of which organs 
give enthusiasm, breadth and scope of 
mind. Prof. Blackie possessed these 
lines. and illustrates this point very 
well. 


LINES OF INSPIRATION. 

Joaquin Miller. 

LINES INDICATING GENIUS. 

When the lines come down to a 
point in the center of the forehead, 
they are said to indicate genius, and 
as genius is rather an ambiguous and 
misleading word, we may as well ex¬ 
plain that by its use we do not wish 
to picture in the minds of our read¬ 
ers a person who is talented, but 
rather a person who is spontaneously 
and occasionally clever; not one who 
thinks a thing out carefully, but 
rather one whose ability shows itself 





LINES OF GENIUS. 


LINES OF GENIUS. 
Tolstoi. 











PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



in sudden bursts and streaks, just like 
forked lightning appears in the 
heavens. Often persons with genius 
are known to be lacking in patience 
to work out their wonderful inspira¬ 
tions, and very often the person who 
passes for having no genius is the one 
who has perseverance enough to plod 
and overcome difficulties, and by his 
very persistency mounts to the pin¬ 
nacle of fame. 

How often we have found that the 
person who possesses innate genius 
surprises us by being lacking in rea¬ 
soning power, and often appears quite 


- . >V ; / 

LINES OF SYMPATHY. 

stupid and commonplace. It is be¬ 
cause a genius does not stop to an¬ 
alyze his own mind, and will not take 
the trouble to account for his mar¬ 
velous gifts in painting, music, liter¬ 
ary composition and speaking, and 
hence does not make the most of 
them. 

The lines of genius in the forehead, 
therefore, are an expression of in¬ 
spiration, and they come largely from 
the organ of Spirituality, and unite 
differently in various individuals; in 
some with Tune, in others with Ideal¬ 
ity, and still others with Language, as 
found in Mozart, Rubens, etc. 



Rev. Louis B. Fisher. 



LINES OF INSPIRATION. 

Dr. John Stainer. 

SHORT, STRAIGHT LINES ACROSS THE 
FOREHEAD, DENOTING SYMPATHY, 
KINDNESS AND BENEVOLENCE. 

When there are several straight, 
short lines across the forehead, the 
person possessing such generally ex¬ 
press sympathy, kindness, and a 



LINES OF KINDNESS. 
Bishop McCabe. 


benevolent attitude. Persons known 
for their philanthropic efforts, like 
Mrs. Russell Sage, Helen Gould, Rev. 
Henry S. Clubb, Rev. Thos. Gallau- 
det, D.D., Henry George, Andrew 
Carnegie, President Roosevelt, Pro¬ 
fessor Blackie, William T. Stead, Dr. 
John Hall, William Cullen Bryant, 
Benjamin Franklin, Mark Twain and 
William McKinley, have these lines 
very strongly expressed in their fore¬ 
heads. 



LINES OF PHILANTHROPY. 
Rev. Hugh Price Hughes. 




















8 o 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



LINES OF KINDNESS. 

Rev. Henry S. Clubb. 

THE LINES OF MIRTH. 

The lines of Mirth go out from 
the corners of the eyes, and partly 
meet those which rise from the angles 
of the mouth. These give cheerful¬ 
ness, optimism, bonhomie, sanguine¬ 
ness of mind and anticipation of the 
future, as seen in Mark Twain. 



LINES OF BENEVOLENCE AND 
SYMPATHY. 

Mrs. Russell Sage. 

LINES OF HOSPITALITY. 

Strong wrinkles and indentations 
down the cheeks, starting from above 
the curve of the nose, indicate 
strength of mind, fortitude, generos¬ 
ity and hospitality. The owner of 
such lines is able to say almost any¬ 
thing to you without causing offense. 
He may tell you of your faults, de¬ 
nounce your vices or shortcomings, 
and hold up the follies of society to 
ridicule, but will do so in such a way 
as to preserve the good will and 



LINES OF INSPIRATION. 

Alfred Russell Wallace. 

friendship of persons criticised. Such 
lines are seen in the portraits of 
Bishop McCabe, Mr. John H. Drew, 
Andrew Carnegie, Henry George, 
Prof. Blackie, Dr. Egbert Guernsey, 
Rev. Henry Clubb, and Prof. L. N. 
Fowler. 



LINES OF GENIUS AND HOSPITAL¬ 
ITY. 

Wm. E. Gladstone. 

He will also pronounce peace, and 
bring about forgiveness; he will set 
in motion generous ideas, as well as 
entertain hospitality. Such persons 
are good Samaritans; they always 
feed the hungry and clothe the naked, 
as well as house the poor. They are 
thoughtful for animals, and establish 

p'V - 



LINES OF COMMAND. MIRTH. 

Bishop Potter. Prof. L. N. Fowler. 


















PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


81 



LINES OF GENIUS FOR FINANCE. 

Russell Sage. 

water troughs and drinking fountains 
in the cities, like Madame Burdett 
Coutts. They are the benefactors and 
the benefactresses of humanity, and 
go about doing good. They do not 
laugh at the drunkard who has fallen 
in the gutter, be he rich or poor, but 
put him on his feet again and help 
him to reform his habits. 

LINES OF AMBITION AND COSMOPOLI¬ 
TANISM. 

The lines of Ambition are shown by 
the wrinkles in the cheek and around 
the eye, and persons who are con¬ 
stantly interested in a wide circle of 
friends and are public spirited, and 
who study the interests of the masses, 
have these wrinkles under the eye. 
Mr. William T. Stead, Prof. Blackie, 
L. N. Fowler and General Booth are 
fine examples of this characteristic. 

LINES OF WELL POISED CHARACTERS. 

When a finely arched forehead has 
in the middle, between the eyebrows, 
a slightly discernible perpendicular 
line, or two parallel wrinkles, espe¬ 
cially when the eyebrows are marked, 



LINES OF AMBITION AND ELO¬ 
QUENCE. 

Chauncey M. Depew. 



LINES OF JUSTICE AND HOPEFUL 
IMAGINATION. 

Dr. Dodd. 

compressed and regular, it is said it 
can be ranked among foreheads of the 
first degree of quality. Persons pos¬ 
sessing such are well poised, and show 
much sustained character, dignity of 
manner and impressibility. There is 
certainly a high degree of character 
manifested in such foreheads, as, for 
instance, the Rev. Louis B. Fisher, 
Prof. Blanchard, Horace Mann, Dr. 
Alfred Russell Wallace, Bishop Fal¬ 
lows, and Wm. McKinley. 

BUT FEW WRINKLES. 

When there are but few wrinkles 
manifested in matured life, there is 
an indication of serenity, without any 
marked degree of character ex¬ 
pressed, or great emotional disturb¬ 
ance and no very great distinct epoch; 
but few tragic griefs and sorrows, 
and few ups and downs. 

Foreheads that have but few im¬ 
pressions upon them show that the 
person has had but few outward ex¬ 
pressions of joy, and the life has been 
so serene as to be almost callous, in¬ 
different and cold; while wrinkles in¬ 
dicating suspicion, severity, selfish¬ 
ness, sensoriousness, conceit and 
meanness, express themselves in com¬ 
parison with those that are wrinkle- 



WRINKLES OF OLD AGE. 









PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


82 

less and smooth. 

SHORT PARALLEL LINES. 

Parallel lines that run across the 
forehead, and that are divided in the 
center, generally accompany the char¬ 
acter of persons found to be intelli¬ 
gent, benevolent, wise, rational and 
farsighted. Rev. Henry Buchtell, 
Geo. Rockwood, Gen. Ben. F. Tracey, 
Sir John Stainer, and Rev. Dr. Rich¬ 
ards, possess lines of this kind. 

IRREGULAR LINES. 

When the forehead is dotted all 
over with short, irregular wrinkles, 
there is an indication of an irregularly 
developed character, which is indica¬ 
tive of irresolution and great perplex¬ 
ity of mind. The lines seem to run 
antagonistically in and out of each 
other, and they give a kind of con- 



SHORT PARALLEL LINES OF 
WISDOM. 

Rev. Thos. Gallaudet. 

fused appearance to the forehead, just 
as though conflicting experiences had 
been encountered, and disturbing 
ideas had been experienced. 

SARCASTIC LINES. 

Lines which indicate sarcasm, or a 
cold, combative tendency of character 
of the nature that can do a heartless 
act, are generally discernible in a per¬ 
son who exhibits a disposition to 
sneer, while one side of the nose is 
drawn up, thus withdrawing the up¬ 
per lip to one side from the teeth, ac¬ 
cording to the intensity of the feel¬ 
ings. If the habit is habitual, it leaves 
two lines on each side of the nose 
above those of hospitality. As a rule 
they are never seen in young faces, 
but only in those of maturer develop¬ 
ment. 

TRANSVERSE LINES. 

What are known as Transverse 


Wrinkles in the face are generally 
found in children with a consumptive 
tendency, or those troubled with rick- 
etts. It shows that children have not 
had a chance to straighten out their 
lives and set their minds in order, 
which they may be able to do in after 
life through a study of their weak¬ 
nesses. Persons who are cautious, 
anxious and timid, as well as highly 
nervous, are particularly prone to 
such a physiognomy. 



LINES OF COMMAND, CONSCIEN¬ 
TIOUSNESS AND KINDNESS. 

Prof. Blackie. 

VERTICAL LINES. 

The vertical lines generally appear 
in the foreheads of students, as law¬ 
yers, doctors, chemists, observers, and 
literary men who are engaged gen¬ 
erally in brain work have tnis appear¬ 
ance in their foreheads. 

CRO \V*S-FEET LINES. 

What are called “crow’s-feet” are 








PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


83 


simply wrinkles which appear on the 
outer angles of the eyes when a per¬ 
son reaches the meridian of life. 

HEALTHY LINES. 

Healthy lines generally appear on 
healthy and intelligent faces, on the 
outer corners of the mouth and wings 
of the nose. The Naso-Labial wrinkle 
appears on either side of the face, and 
betokens healthiness and intelligence. 



LINES OF AGE AND SYMPATHY. 

Mrs. C. Fowler Wells. 

THE WRINKLES OF OLD AGE. 

The wrinkles which appear on the 
faces of old people are an accentua¬ 
tion of what we have above described, 
only the furrows are deeper. Some 
are indications of physical and ner¬ 
vous exhaustion, some of sickness, 
but many are the result of intellectual 
bias. But a well organized mind will 
show wrinkles, furrows and. lines that 
seem to correspond with the nervous 


and muscular systems, instead of be¬ 
ing irregular, confused and mixed up. 

Lines that follow the direction of 
the nose, on each side of this organ, 
betoken a heavy, oppressive, mali¬ 
cious, treacherous character. 

Oblique wrinkles in the forehead, 
especially when they are nearly paral¬ 
lel, or appear so, are certainly a sign 
of a poor, suspicious mind. 



LINES OF AGE AND PHILAN¬ 
THROPY. 

Mr. J. P. Knowles of Smyrna. 


LINES AROUND MOUTH. 

When lines appear around the outer 
corners of the mouth, like those seen 
in Herbert Spencer’s face, they indi¬ 
cate hopefulness and optimism. 

The foregoing are some of the in¬ 
dications of character manifested in 
the forehead and the face generally 
and will help the student to make ob¬ 
servations of every face he meets for 
his own benefit. 





CHAPTER VIII. 


The Voice as an Index of Character. 

By Jessie Allen Fowler. 


The voice is constantly interpreting 
the character of the individual who 
speaks; in fact, there is as much to be 
told from the physiognomy of the 
voice as from one’s handwriting, 
walk, handshake or any features of 
the face. 

The voice corresponds with the 
character of the instrument by which 
it is made, which is proven in the 
different people we meet, and the vari¬ 
ous animals and their different ways 
of expressing their wants. The per¬ 
sonality in the voice shows itself in 
the vibrations of Nature everywhere, 
and character is represented in every 
department of it. 

That the voice is constantly inter¬ 
preting character wherever it is man¬ 
ifested, is found in the individual, the 
animal, the bird, the flower, the plant, 
the grain, the wind and the waves. 

Character is also expressed in the 
vibratory sounds of mechanical things 
as in the rattling shells and booming 
cannon, the whistles of the factory 


and the clanging of bells of the loco¬ 
motive, steamer or church. 

We still find character represented 
in the vibrations of tone, in the lan¬ 
guage of trees, all of which have a 
language of their own and one only 
needs to go into the country on a 
windy night to realize this fact. 

Strange as it may seem when 
studying this subject, one must note 
the organs used by the voice; the 
classification of voices; the personality 
of the voice in the shape of the head; 
the vibrations of the voice in the vari¬ 
ous temperaments; the voice of the 
babe; the child; the sweetheart; the 
husband; the wife; the father; the 
mother; the teacher; the educated and 
the uneducated; the national and local 
twangs and inflections; the influence 
of pitch—high or low, slow or rapid; 
—the effect of all voices (especially 
those of the mother, the doctor and 
nurse) on the sick; national voices 
compared (such as the American with 
the English, the German with the 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


French) ; typicd voices like the devo¬ 
tional voice, the scolding voice, the 
cheerful voice, the demonstrative 
voice, and the telephone voice; our 
critics of the voice, Richard Grant 
White, William Dean Howells and 
Henry James; the gramophone for re¬ 
peating the tones of the voice and its 
use; the voice of Dr. Gall; the voice 
of the Bible. 



Photo by Rockwood. 


HON. CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW. 

The Silver-tongued Orator (Mental Mo¬ 
tive Temperament). 

THE ORGANS USED BY THE VOICE. 

The principal organ of the voice is 
the larynx; the projections each side 
of the larynx serve to swell the vol¬ 
ume or alter the tone. 

The epiglottis, by its opening and 
closing, performs its part in admit¬ 


ting or checking expiration, and the 
numerous muscles, by varying the po¬ 
sitions of the different parts, provide 
for a variety of notes far greater 
than any human mechanism has been 
able to produce by a contrivance so 
simple. 

We next have the bronchial tubes; 
and lastly the trachea. 

In taking the low notes, the liga¬ 
ments are lax, and are only rendered 
tense by the pressure of the air. In 
taking the high notes, to the contrary, 
the muscles are called into full action, 
and the ligaments rendered exceed¬ 
ingly tense. 

THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE VOICE. 

The voice is classified in various 
ways. In musical instruments we find 
each individual kind has its peculiar 
note; such as the violin, organ, piano, 
harp, flute, fife or drum. 

It is the same with every sound we 
hear, and every voice of animals. 
Every mother-sheep knows the voice 
of its own lambs, even if there are 
thousands gamboling together. So it 
is with the human mother, she can 
distinguish the cry of her own infant 
from that of every other child. 

Among animals, we have the cooing 
of the dove, the roaring of the lion, 
the growling of the tiger, the bellow¬ 
ing of the ox, the bleating of the 
sheep, the crowing of the rooster, the 
neighing of the horse, the braying of 
the ass, the grunting of the pig, the 
mewing of the cat, and the barking of 
the dog. 

Each has a voice of its own which 
is adapted to its needs. 

THE VOICE OF NATURE. 

Flowers have their language as 
surely as the animals have theirs. A 
mother once told me that her flowers 
in the window appealed to her every 
day, and she gathered inspiration 
from what they told her. By obeying 
their demands she was able to secure 
an abundance of bloom, and everyone 
remarked upon their beauty. She 






86 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


said it was simply knowing the lan¬ 
guage of flowers. They certainly 
have a silent voice, and that voice ex¬ 
presses a charm of character. 

Grain, and all vegetable life, have 
their language, and their voices are 
eloquent. Who has not passed 
through a cornfield just before har¬ 
vest, and seen the dignified grain 
bowing its head back and forth in the 
breeze, and listened to the appeal to 
the reaper to come and gather into 
barns the ripe corn ? Its voice, too, is 
eloquent, and explains the stages 
through which it has passed to ar¬ 
rive at its perfection. 

The birds, animals, and fishes of 
the sea have their vibratory sounds or 
voices, and speak to man of God’s 
creation. We may understand their 
language by knowing the characteris¬ 
tics of each animal. 

In man we have the highest vi¬ 
bration cf sound that makes society, 
commerce, government and civiliza¬ 
tion. The better the brain, the better 
the thoughts. Without vibrations 
there can be no life, and the highest 
manifestation of life is reached 
through the full expression of vibra¬ 
tion. 

Thus all life expresses itself 
through some spoken sound, from the 
tiniest atom to the highest expression 
of brain in man. 

THE SHAPE OF THE HEAD. 

Those who have made a study of 
Phrenology will not be surprised to 
find that in the individual, the voice 
is largely an index of the shape of the 
head, and the tones of the voice cor¬ 
respond with the size and activity of 
the cerebral organs. 

For instance, a harsh and gruff 
voice always accompanies a heavy 
base to the brain. 

The soft, tender and loving voice 
indicates an affectionate nature, and 
works through the social faculties. 

The mellow, musical and oratorical 
voice uses the lateral region of the 


head and works through such facul¬ 
ties as Ideality, Sublimity and Lan¬ 
guage. 

The harmonious voice shows strong 
sympathy and works through the or¬ 
gan of Benevolence. 

The commanding voice expresses 
itself in strong, firm tones, and 
uses Self-Esteem as its medium. 

The religious voice when ac¬ 
companying the Mental Tempera¬ 
ment is often thin and high-keyed, 



Photo by Rockwood. 
DR. LYMAN ABBOTT. 

An Able Speaker (Mental Temperament). 


and shows that the Moral brain is 
being used. If the religious voice 
accompanies the Vital Temperament, 
then the Social as well as the Moral 
Group of faculties is used. If the 
religious voice accompanies the Mo¬ 
tive Temperament, then the Basilar 






PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


87 


as well as the Moral Group of facul¬ 
ties is used. 

The penetrating voice is generally 
a critical one, and it works through 
the Perceptive and central Intellec¬ 
tual faculties, and uses the organ of 
Comparison and the Perceptives. 

The slow but sweet intellectual 
voice generally works through Caus- 



Photo by Rockwood. 


Rev. HENRY WARD BEECHER 

One of the World’s Most Eloquent Ora¬ 
tors (Mental Vital Temperament). 

ality and shows thoughtfulness and 
reflection. 

The scolding voice expresses itself 
through the faculties around the ears, 
especially those of Destructiveness 
and Combativeness. 


The sad voice indicates small Hope. 

The ambitious and boastful voice 
accompanies a large development of 
Approbativeness. 

The smiling voice shows that a per¬ 
son has a large organ of Mirthful¬ 
ness. 

The joyous voice indicates that 
there is a large development of Hope. 

Thus if the base of the brain is 
well developed in a cultivated person, 
the voice will be deep and strong, 
and express vigor. 

If the lateral faculties are the 
largest, the voice will be musical and 
express poetic and oratorical feeling. 

If the top head predominates, the 
voice will be high-keyed and indicate 
reverence, respect, justice, sympathy 
and spiritual mindedness. 

If the anterior portion and a heavy 
brow are developed in predominance, 
the person will have a penetrating 
voice. 

If the superior Reflective faculties 
predominate, the voice will be 
thoughtful. 

If the posterior faculties are large, 
the voice will be soft and tender. 

In order to test the above state¬ 
ments, we have often held demonstra¬ 
tions which have illustrated nearly 
every phase of voice and character, 
such as ambition, aspiration, inde¬ 
pendence, self-reliance, generosity, 
hopefulness, spirituality, friendliness, 
mental depression, fearfulness, anx¬ 
iety, hopelessness, instability, a lack 
of self-confidence, meanness, anger, 
irritability, t 0 ^" "insociability and 
unfriendliness w mma. 

We might go on and multiply in¬ 
stances, but sufficient has been said to 
indicate that the shape of the head re¬ 
veals the secret of character as ex¬ 
pressed in the voice, and as there are 
times and seasons when you cannot 
see a person’s head, it is then 
very convenient to tell what kind of 
a person he is by his voice. 

If a person, lady or gentleman. 




88 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


wants to open up business, relations 
with you, and the only way of judg¬ 
ing what that person is like is by the 
voice, when it comes through the tele¬ 
phone, it is very valuable to know 
what you may expect when you see 
him or her. We have done the above 
many times, and have written down 
the description of temperament and 
character before seeing the party in 
question, and have found that it has 
corresponded exactly with his voice. 

TEMPERAMENTAL INFLUENCES. 

Each Temperament has its special 
voice, and if'a person is in the next 
room and the walls are thin, his Tem¬ 
peramental character will be revealed 
by his voice. 

The. Vital Temperament has a full, 
round, cheerful voice and accompan¬ 
ies a short, plump stature. 

The Motive Temperament has a 
strong, low, but loud voice, and the 
person is tall, angular and muscular 
in stature. 

The Mental Temperament has a 
thin and high-keyed voice, which is 
generally nervous and vibratory, and 
accompanies a person who has a 
medium stature, large brain and small 
features. 

THE TEMPERAMENTS OF SINGERS AND 
THEIR VOICES. 

If the Temperament is represented 
in the voice, then a tenor generally 
possesses a Mental Temperament, 
high forehead, light hair and light 
blue eyes. A soprano generally pos¬ 
sesses a Mental Temperament, a clear 
complexion, with blue eyes. 

The baritone usually possesses the 
. Vital Temperament, a medium com¬ 
plexion, color of hair and eyes. The 
mezzo-soprano has a finely modulated 
voice and corresponds with the bari¬ 
tone in Temperament. 

The bass and contralto voices pos¬ 
sess the Motive Temperament, with 
dark complexion, tall stature, slim 
form, dark eyes and penetrating ex¬ 
pression. 


The following examples illustrate 
our meaning and show the corre¬ 
spondence between Temperament and 
Voice. 

The soprano, Adelina Patti and 
Tetrazzini. 

The contralto, Madame Patey and 
Schumann-Heinke. 

The tenor, Sims Reeves and Ca¬ 
ruso. 

The basso, De Reszke. 



Photo by Rockwood. 
REV. DR. RICHARDS, of New York. 
An Eminent Speaker (Mental Tempera¬ 
ment). 

Among others, we find Richard 
Mansfield, Otis Skinner, and Sara 
Bernhardt, examples of the speaking 
voice who have attained the highest 
degree known in their art through 
their extraordinary gifts. 





PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


89 


THE VOICE OF THE BABE AND THE 
CHILD. 

The cooing of the babe reveals its 
happiness, its contentment and its re¬ 
liance for safety upon the mother or 
nurse. It shows its particular char¬ 
acter in its cry, and the mother is 
able to interpret its needs. The child’s 
voice begins to take on individual 
traits, and the light and shade of 
character, when he is three years old 
and upwards. Some-children who are 



BISHOP FALLOWS, of Chicago. 

A Fine Speaker (Motive Temperament). 

petted whine out their desires, others 
are sturdy and bright and wake up a 
home that was once quiet and peace¬ 
ful before their advent into the 
world, but their voices are a God¬ 
send and bring good cheer. 

THE GIRL AND BOY. 

A girl and a boy are quick to read 
the character of their parents’ voices, 


and soon know if they can take ad¬ 
vantage of them or not. 

THE LOVER. 

There is expression of character in 
the winning voice of the lover which 
finds response in the fulfillment of the 
law that perpetuates creation. The 
sweetheart throws into his impas¬ 
sioned words his soul’s desire and ex¬ 
claims, “Oh, Angelina, if you will 
only love me, the world is mine.” He 
calls her his “queen,” his “peach,” his 
“dream of beauty,” “fairest of the 
fair,” “form divine,” “bewitching 
eyes”; and his song is one of adula¬ 
tion. He tells her she is the most 
beautiful creature on earth, and that 
her eyes are brighter than the stars 
in Heaven. The girl drinks in all 
these honeyed words, and thinks that 
she is in love. “This craving for ad¬ 
miration that a girl so dearly loves, 
and which when married, the husband 
is too busy or careless to give, is at 
the bottom of almost all the domestic 
tragedies in which women are con¬ 
nected,” says Dorothy Dix. 

HUSBANDS AND WIVES. 

Before marriage the voice of each 
is mellow and sweet, why does it ever 
change to harshness and bitterness? 
Is it possible that either knows the 
sound of his or her own voice? How 
much better it would be if they scold¬ 
ed each other with sweetness in their 
voices instead of in the terrible criti¬ 
cal, nagging voices one sometimes 
hears them use. 

FATHERS AND MOTHERS. 

Fathers and mothers hold great re¬ 
sponsibilities in their hands when 
managing their children, through the 
voices they use when encouraging or 
admonishing them. We find charac¬ 
ter expressing itself in the vibrations 
of the soft lullaby of a mother’s love 
which calls forth the sweetest re¬ 
sponse in the song, “Rock Me to 
Sleep, Mother.” 

We are reminded of what one little 
girl said when her mother was scold- 







90 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


ing her, “Mother, dear, why don’t you 
speak to me as you do when you read 
the Bible, and use your Bible reading 
voice?” The mother thought she 
could never accomplish anything by 
using a milder voice, and so raised 
her tones instead, but missed her 
mark by so doing. 

TEACHERS. 

Teachers would have much more 
influence if they experimented more 
with their voices and found the right 
tones that would touch the natures of 
stubborn boys. Many mothers have 
told us that their children succeeded 
first rate when with certain teachers, 
but when they were promoted into 
other classes where the teachers used 
no encouragement in their voices 
when correcting them, they lapsed 
into their old stubborn ways again. 
It is a true fact that teachers’ voices 
impart encouragement or suspicion, 
trust or mistrust, and a boy or girl 
quickly realizes this fact. 

THE VOICE OF THE EDUCATED AND UN¬ 
EDUCATED. 

In man the voice changes in modu¬ 
lation according to culture and re¬ 
finement, education or a want of edu¬ 
cation, civilization or a want of civili¬ 
zation. 

The savage has a coarse, indistinct 
and gutteral voice, while that of the 
cultured man is sonorous, symmetri¬ 
cal and rhythmic. Among the high 
and the low of the civilized races, the 
educated regulates his voice and his 
temper according to his mental de¬ 
velopments, while the uneducated and 
uncivilized speak in an uncouth and 
unrefined way according to their tem¬ 
peramental conditions; thus an un¬ 
educated person speaks in a loud, 
grating voice without modification 
or regulation, while the educated 
person speaks in a well controlled 
harmonious voice. The more the 
propensities are brought under the 
control of the individual, the sweeter 
is the accent, and this is no¬ 


ticeable in the educated over the un¬ 
educated person. 

NATIONAL TWANGS AND INFLECTIONS. 

We can tell what part of the coun¬ 
try a person comes from by his 
twang, inflection and accent. 

Thus we notice in the human voice, 
from many parts of the country, many 
variations of tones. There is the nasal 
twang, the brogues, the lingos and 
dialects which in this country show 
themselves in persons who live in the 
New England States, the Middle 
States, and those who come from the 
West, South, or extreme North of 



Photo by Rockwood. 

ARCHBISHOP CORRIGAN. 

Able Catholic Speaker (Vital Tempera¬ 
ment). 

this continent. In England it is in¬ 
teresting to trace the inflection of per¬ 
sons who come from Ireland, Scot¬ 
land, Wales, Lancashire, Yorkshire, 
Lincolnshire, o»* the South, generally 
called the cokney twang, which con¬ 
sists of a long drawl, especially on 
the vowels. All of the people who 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



come from these localities, who re¬ 
tain their strong individualism, show 
that they have traveled but little, and 
are unable to come under the law of 
imitation and adaptation, and hence 
keep their own brogue and hand it 
down from generation to generation. 
The educated people of all the above 
classes speak good English, and their 
accent, though indicating their local¬ 
ity of birth, is modified and refined. 

“We can imitate the pronunciation 


< 9 * 

to the heart; or, more properly speak¬ 
ing, the consciousness of an individ¬ 
ual. We remember the case where 
a woman once made inquiries after a 
sick child. She called up from the 
foot of the stairs in a languid, tired 
voice. The little sick sufferer heard 
it and said: “Why don’t you speak 
like you do when you laugh?” The 
woman said she felt so rebuked that 
she never forgot the suggestion, 
namely, “Speak as you do when you 
laugh.” 

CHARACTER IN PITCH. 

Persons with a high pitch have no 
end of enthusiasm and animation and 


CHANCELLOR McCRACKEN. 

(N. Y. University) Able and Witty Speak¬ 
er (Motive Mental Temperament). 


of the English upper classes, which is 
the standard, even if we do not bor¬ 
row the accent, which would be an 
affectation,” says Miss Thompson. 

THE EFFECT OF VOICE UPON THE SICK. 

The voice of a mother, nurse or 
doctor has a wonderful effect upon 
the sick. All sick persons will tell 
you this, especially little children. 
Try the effect of your own voices 
upon Mary and John, Elizabeth and 
George, and see what the results are. 
The influence of the voice goes right 


REV. THOMAS A. HYDE. 

Eloquent Speaker (Vital Mental Temper¬ 
ament). 


generally make good organizers. 

When the voice is low, and there is 
a less tension in the vocal chords, a 
person will be found to be more pessi¬ 
mistic, depressed, sad, full of anxiety 
and evil forebodings, and there is also 
a depression in the sound of the voice. 

This is the very opposite to the 
character of the high pitch, and ac¬ 
companies also an opposite character 
and disposition. 

The high pitch denotes optimism; 
the low pitch pessimism. 

The high pitch denotes that a per¬ 
son believes in success; the low pitch 
indicates that he sits on the anxious 
seat. 


Photo by Rockwood . 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


92 

The high pitch denotes spirited 
mindedness; the low pitch denotes 
solemnity, serious mindedness, awe, 
and often gloom, despair and melan¬ 
choly. 

The high pitch denotes exaltation 
of spirit; the low means mental de¬ 
pression. 

Tranquility of mind is found in the 
ordinary pitch. 

Sometimes the voice is slow in ex¬ 
pressing itself; at other times rapid. 



MISS SUSAN B. ANTHONY. 

Eloquent Exponent of Woman Suffrage 
(Motive Mental Temperament). 

In one person the vocal action is regu¬ 
lar, slow and measured, denoting a 
sober, sedate and grave state of mind; 
another person has a voice action that 
is rapid, indicating liveliness of dis¬ 
position, animation, excitement, joy¬ 
ousness of mind, suddenness of action 
and a quick expression of mind; even 
some changeableness of disposition, 
responsiveness of nerve power and 
an impressive brain. 

A person whose voice movement is 
slow, and whose pitch of voice is low, 
shows but little response in an ani¬ 
mated way. It requires the collision 
of half a dozen locomotives, or an 
earthquake, or a celestial phenome¬ 
non, to arouse such an one; while in 
the case of a person whose voice 
movements are rapid, there is ready 


response, and the pitch of the voice 
will be high also. 

The attributes of the slow-toned 
voice-movements denote veneration, 
reverence, awe, respect and devotion; 
while the rapid-toned voice-move¬ 
ments denote joy, gaiety and restless¬ 
ness of mind. 

A long-toned voice denotes tender¬ 
ness, adoration, intensity, of senti- 



HORACE MANN. 

Eloquent Educationalist (Mental Temper¬ 
ament). 


ments, noble emotions, deep love, ro¬ 
mance, and companionableness; while 
the short-toned voice indicates sud¬ 
denness of thought, mirth, joy, impa¬ 
tience, and sometimes irritability. The 
mirthful element of the voice is heard 
in the tender mother’s talk to her 
babe, or when she plays with her little 
ones. 

Pitch, therefore, determines to a 
great extent the character of the in¬ 
dividual, and denotes the meaning of 
every sentence uttered. 

NATIONAL VOICES COMPARED. 

The American voice compares well 
with the English, as the one is high- 
keyed, nervous and often loud, white 
the other is low and modulated. The 








PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY >93 


DR. ISAAC FRANKLIN RUSSELL. 

Eloquent Speaker on Law (Vital Tem¬ 
perament). 

( I ) DEVOTIONAL VOICES. 

It is quite interesting to notice the 
difference in some parents’ voices 
when they teach their children to say 
the simple prayer, “Now I lay me 
down to sleep,” and yet they use an¬ 
other voice to reprove their children. 
Were a mother to say “John, why 
have you not done your lessons to¬ 


REV. PHILLIP BROOKS. 

Eloquent Pulpit Orator (Vital Mental 
Temperament). 

(3) THE DEMONSTRATIVE VOICE. 

A little story illustrates our mean¬ 
ing of how a voice, full of meaning, 
will carry enthusiasm to an audience 
when eloquent words said in a half 
and half tone without interest will lie 
flat upon an audience. A young girl 
was once selected to present a flag to 
some heroes, and a beautiful speech 
was written for her to deliver. When 
she got upon the platform she became 


high pitch of the American accom¬ 
panies the Mental Temperament; the 
low and slower tones of the English 
indicate the accompaniment of the 
Vital Temperament. The German 
compares well with the French, for 
the former is deep and gutteral, the 
latter light and elastic. 

TYPICAL VOICES. 

There are a few typical voices that 
stand out by themselves in every part 
of the world. These are 


night?” in the voice that she repeats 
scripture, and says “Let not your 
heart be troubled, ye believe in God, 
believe also in Me,” the effect 
would be electrical, if she would only 
realize how much more effective her 
words would be if said in a calm, 
quiet manner instead of in a heated, 
excited way. 

(2) CHEERFUL VOICES. 

Every one should cultivate a cheer¬ 
ful voice in the home, and not leave 
the best and brightest voice for com¬ 
pany and friends. Every one should 
work from the centre to the circum¬ 
ference, not from the circumference 
to the centre. 








94 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


stage struck and stammered out the 
first word, and then tried to recall the 
next words which were to follow. At 
last, she became desperate and going 
to the edge of the platform, and hold¬ 
ing the flag in her hands, said with 
great emotion, “Here, boys, take your 
flag; you deserve it; you have worked 
for it; respect it all your lives.” As 
she went back to her seat there was 
a deafening applause which we are 
sure would not have been excelled if 
she had carefully said the words that 
had been prepared for her. The la- 



Photo by Rockwood. 
HENRY GEORGE. 

Earnest Single Tax Pleader (Mental 
Temperament). 

dies of the committee were much dis¬ 
appointed to tnink their speech was 
not delivered as prepared, but the 
girl had delivered a grander one of 
her own making. 

(4) SCOLDING VOICES. 

There are some people’s voices that 
would pass for typical scolding ones; 
they do nothing and say nothing but 
scold all day long. They see no good 
thing in any one and are continually 
criticising and correcting their fami¬ 
lies, their neighbors and friends. 
When the voice of such a person be¬ 
comes chronic, it is as difficult to cure 


as chronic muscular rheumatism, and 
only radical measures will succeed in 
altering the habit. 

(5) TELEPHONE VOICES. 

We have become such a nation of 
telephones that we have actually de¬ 
veloped a Telephone voice. This is 
rapid and indistinct and high in pitch. 
It should be lowered considerably to 
be understood. 



Photo by Rockwood. 

WILLIAM M. EVARTS. 

The Eminent Advocate (Mental Motive 
Temperament). 

SOME CELEBRATED CRITICS OF THE 
AMERICAN VOICE. 

The celebrated Henry James has 
ventured to say this much concerning 
the voices of women. “American 
women are the most beautifully 
dressed in the world, but they lack a 
delicate touch in their voices and a 
certain blindness to the court at¬ 
mosphere which lends distinction to 
the speech and manners of other 
women.” 






PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


95 


Now Richard Grant White has 
frankly said that “American women’s 
voices are worse than those of men, 
and maintains that there is a fixed 
standard for speaking high class Eng¬ 
lish, and people living in England, in¬ 
cluding the Irish and Scotch, under¬ 
stand it.” 

Our friend and critic, William 
Dean Howells, has his own individual 
way of saying what he thinks about 
the American voice. He first begged 
the whole question when replying 
to a query on this subject. He said, 
“Americans are the most delightful 

beings—nothing can touch them-” 

After sweetening them up, he 
smooths them down, and winds up by 
asserting that “he hears the most hor¬ 
rible voices all around him, and hopes 
that this matter will be taken up seri¬ 
ously.” 

THE GRAMAPHONE AND ITS USE. 

In order that people may hear their 
own voices, the gramaphone stands as 
the best means of helping us to cor¬ 
rect our imperfect style of speech. 
Many persons are unwilling to admit 
of their peculiarities until they are 
pointed out by this repeater which is 
unerring in its accuracy. The grama¬ 
phone is also often used as an aid to 
the study of the languages—for the 
student can repeat the lesson time 
after time until he has imitated the 
tones correctly. 

THE VOICE OF DR. GALL. 

Dr. B. F. Pratt once very truly 
said: “Dr. Gall heard the voice of 
God vibrating through the human 
brain; he listened to its harmonious 
eloquence, and heard the spoken word 
which God had written when the stars 


first sang together in bright Crea¬ 
tion’s morning.” As he listened— 
through his sense perception and in¬ 
ner consciousness—he saw in the hu¬ 
man brain the location of the forty- 
three keys which when touched by a 
master mind would vibrate the harp 
of a thousand strings as its melodious 
notes pealed forth sweet strains of 
music which harmonized with the 
songs of wisdom of all the ages. As 
we listen to the vibration of man’s 
spoken words, we feel the vibrations 
of discord that tell of the struggles of 
surging humanity and the rise and 
fall of empires, kingdoms and repub¬ 
lics.” 

We also hear of the blessings that 
are meted out to man through his 
innumerable talents, abilities and as¬ 
pirations which, if followed and prop¬ 
erly directed, will silence the discord 
of struggling humanity, because the 
latter will be minimized and forgot¬ 
ten. 

THE VOICE OF THE BIBLE. 

We cannot close this large and im¬ 
portant subject without referring to 
an address we once heard on “The 
Voice of the Bible,” which was de¬ 
livered by the Rev. Clare Baldwin, 
D.D., in a masterly way. He men¬ 
tioned the way God spoke to His peo¬ 
ple; of His tenderness; His patience; 
His long suffering; His warnings; 
and His compassionate love which 
was the marvel of the book. It would 
be worth while for every student of 
this subject to work out for himself 
God’s message for him as revealed 
in the Bible and listen to God^’s voice 
through it, by “Getting in touch with 
the Infinite.” 




V 



CHAPTER IX. 


Graphology: Its Psychologic Interpretation* 

By Jessie Allen Fowler. 


The mind controls, guides and di¬ 
rects the whole physical organization, 
and shapes the skull, gives to the body 
its general contour, decides the ex¬ 
pression of the countenance, shows 
various tones and modulations in the 
voice, biases the style of walking, de¬ 
termines the mode of shaking hands, 
the gestures in elocution or acting, as 
well as the appearance and move¬ 
ments of every individual, and it is 
also capable of moulding the charac¬ 
ter as expressed in writing. It is 
logical to expect to find that persons 
differ in their style of handwriting, 
and we believe that the latter, to a 
large extent, corresponds with the in¬ 
dividual temperament and mental 
faculties possessed by each person. 

The proofs are so evident that peo¬ 
ple are not disposed, as a rule, to dis¬ 
credit, or disbelieve, such a statement. 
There are, of course, exceptions in 
this as in every principle, but the gen¬ 
eral laws are the same in all scientific 
data, and the few rules that we have 


found by observation to be a safe 
guide in studying this subject are sim¬ 
ple and easily understood. 

We should, therefore, study the 
following suggestions: 

(1) Take into account the mental 
and physical characteristics of the 
principal styles of graphology, and 
study the data upon which they de¬ 
pend. 

(2) The deviations from the normal 
or accidental conditions which modify 
the general laws of handwriting. 

(3) The various proofs which illus¬ 
trate our premises. 

The various styles of handwriting 
have been classified by earlier writers 
in the following way: (1) the Fine and 
Regular; (2) the Irregular and Un¬ 
sightly; (3) the Round and Meas¬ 
ured; (4) the Angular and Pointed; 
(5) the Large and Bold; (6) the 
Small and Cramped; (7) the Formal 
and Precise; (8) the Ornate or Fanci¬ 
ful; (9) the Plain and Legible; (10) 
the Dashing and Illegible. 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


97 




M. F. TUPPER. 
Fine and Regular. 


(i) FINE AND REGULAR. 

This writing, which should be cul¬ 
tivated by all, shows several impor¬ 
tant mental faculties, namely: large 
Form, Order and Constructiveness, 
with a full degree of Ideality, but not 
an overpowering amount. It indi¬ 
cates calmness and coolness of tem¬ 
per, and a person who writes in this 
style knows what he is about; he is 
not one who is easily thrown off his 
balance, and we should expect to find 
good common-sense principles, practi¬ 
cal industry, normal self-control, good 
taste, order, neatness, regularity, and 


ffcir-CKX. 

HORACE GREELEY. 

Irregular and Unsightly. 

are about. M. F. Tupper’s writing is 
an illustration of the above named 
style. Mr. Wm. T. Stead’s writing is 
plain and regular. 

(2) IRREGULAR. 

Irregular and unsightly writing 
has become more prevalent since type¬ 
writers have come into universal use, 
for people do not get sufficient prac¬ 
tice, and express a kind of impa¬ 
tience with their pens, as though they 
did not work quick enough. Hence 
in this style of writing, the letters are 
badly shaped, lack completeness, and 




GEORGE WASHINGTON. 
Bold, Dashing and Irregular. 


an even temper. Such a person is not 
known for great originality, imagina¬ 
tion, or even great genius. He jogs 
along easily in the world, and does 
not meet with many misfortunes or 
great luck. People who possess this 
style of writing do not generally fig¬ 
ure in the law courts, or settle their 
disputes in public, but are prepared 
for emergencies, and mind their own 
rather than other people’s business. 
We very seldom find swindlers and 
extortioners, or business promoters, 
who have this style of writing, but 
for the most part they are steady¬ 
going people, and know what they 



THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 
Energetic, Analytical and Forceful. 


manifest general disorder. We usu¬ 
ally find that the lines are just as 
irregular as the letters and words; 
hence all are mixed together, and 
seldom keep their proper proportion 
or level. 

The faculties which are lacking in 
this respect are Order and Construc¬ 
tiveness, and as a result there is a 
want of harmony in the action of the 
various faculties. Imagination may 
be active, and through its power may 
draw the letters out of proportion; 
or an over supply of Destructiveness 
may give too much force in the down 
strokes, and leave an irregularity or 

Iff. 

HENRY W. LONGFELLOW. 

Plain, Legible and Sincere. 


9 8 . 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



IDA G. COFFIN. 

Round, Measured and Energetic. 


lack of balance. 

We find also that Continuity is 
small where the writing is irregular, 
for there is abstraction, inattention, 
indecision, and unsteadiness in all the 
words. But where Continuity is 
large, the writing will be regular, and 
if Firmness is also well developed, the 
writing will be strong and positive in 
character. 

We often find talent and energy 
where the writing is irregular, as was 
shown in Mr. Greeley’s handwriting, 
which combined many characteristics. 
But he wrote so rapidly that he could 
hardly make out his own writing. He 
did not stop to close up his a’s and 
o’s, nor did he finish his d’s properly. 
George Washington’s signature was 
large and bold, but irregular, and al¬ 
most unsightly. It was not as regular 
as Benjamin Franklin’s writing, but 
many of the letters were heavier and 
more dashing; hence could almost be 
counted as illegible. 

Compare the writing of Horace 
Greeley with that of William Cullen 
Bryant, or William Lloyd Garrison, 
and the characteristics of the three 
men will be clearly understood. All 
three men were talented, but they dif¬ 
fered very much in organization and 


bent of mind. 

(3) ROUND AND MEASURED. 

In the round and measured writing, 
we find that large Constructiveness 
and Order are indicated. But they 
are emphasized with more strength, 
deliberateness and energy than in the 
fine and regular writing. The indi¬ 
vidual who follows this style of writ¬ 
ing should possess coolness, clearness, 
steadiness, perseverance, patience and 
mechanical skill. In disposition, he is 
inclined to show calmness, resolution, 
and an equable temper. Such a char¬ 
acter is not likely to become unbal¬ 
anced or diseased; in fact, one ca.T» 
depend upon a person who writes in 
such a style, and although he may not 
make great strides as a genius, pro¬ 
fessor, or business man, yet the line 
of work he controls, and the way he 
controls it, shows such regularity of 
thought that the work can be re¬ 
peated day after day, and year after 
year, without any slight being appar¬ 
ent in any part of the writing. Ida 
Gardner Coffin is an illustration of the 
above named writing. 

(4) ANGULAR AND POINTED. 

As might be supposed, the charac¬ 
teristics in this style of writing seem 
to be formed by irregular and sudden 



ANDREW JACKSON. 
Angular and Pointed. 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


99 



MAY WRIGHT SEWALL. 

Large and Original, Showing Breadth and Liberality of Mind. 


jerks, and these possess more force 
than grace. The writing may be 
more or less regular and beautiful 
(depending for these qualities upon 
the greater or less development of 
Constructiveness, Order and Ideal¬ 
ity), but it always has a definiteness 
and directness about it. It indicates 
well sustained energy, talent, and con¬ 
tinuity of thought, as well as concen¬ 
tration of mind. The writer may even 
be rough and uncultivated, but he 
will be found to have great mental 
vigor, originality of mind, and a 
strong will. Restlessness of disposi¬ 
tion, strength of will, impatience of 
restraint, independence of mind, self- 
reliance, courage and steadfastness 
will be prominent characteristics in 
his disposition. This style of writing 
is noticeable in the signature of An¬ 
drew Jackson, and many others who 
possess the Motive Temperament. 

(5) LARGE AND BOLD. 

Although one would think that a 
bold style of writing would be in¬ 
telligible and easily read, it is not al¬ 
ways regular or even legible. It indi¬ 
cates a mind that is manly, broad and 
strong, rather than delicate, sensitive 


or penetrating. It also betokens a 
firm, resolute and determined spirit 
that takes hold without hesitation and 
without calculation, but with a deter¬ 
mination to win out by mere force of 
strength. 

This handwriting indicates that the 
person who uses it forms many reso¬ 
lutions which are frequently more 
rash than wise, and generally shows 
an independent, daring and courage¬ 
ous disposition, but 's not necessarily 
benevolent, philanthropic and gener¬ 
ous; though oftentimes generosity 
shows itself in a large and wholesale 
way in a person who writes a broad, 
liberal and bold style. 

This type of writing is generally 
free from hypocrisy, petty vanities, 
and ostentation, and as a rule the per¬ 
son is characterized by being able to 
undertake difficult, severe and danger¬ 
ous enterprises; is seldom lacking in 
will power to execute hazardous lines 
of work, and if the individual has a 
combination of talent and ability for 
overseeing, managing and directing 
affairs, then there will be considerable 
amount of work accomplished 
through the effort put forth. There is 



ADAH MAY BENZING. 
Large and Bold. 



PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 






ALLEN HADDOCK. 
Small and Cramped. 


less of the patient, docile and delicate 
sensitiveness of mind than when the 
person writes a small and exquisite 
style of caligraphy, but anything that 
requires power, energy and execu¬ 
tiveness will be undertaken with great 
interest. 

The faculties particularly developed 
in such an individual are Sublimity, 
Destructiveness, Combativeness and 
Self-Esteem; while the faculties that 
are small are Cautiousness, Secretive¬ 
ness and Hope. As a rule, Construe- 


c/f^oaedh) 


ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
Plain and Legible. 


tiveness and the Perceptive faculties 
are well represented in a person who 
possesses this style of writing. Thus 
many engineers, promotors, excava¬ 
tors, builders of skyscrapers, travel¬ 
ers, as well as some musicians and elo¬ 
quent speakers, possess this type of 
writing, such as General Washington, 
David S. Bispham and Adah May 
Benzing. 

(6) SMALL AND CRAMPED. 

The letters in this style of writing 
show some hesitation, as if doubts ex¬ 
isted in the mind of the writer con¬ 
cerning his own ability, through a lack 
of strength of will, or of resolution to 





WM. C. BRYANT. 
Plain, Legible and Regular. 


Slo, 1 

JOHN OLIVER HOBBES. 

Small and Individual. 

complete them. It would seem to in¬ 
dicate weakness, either of body or 
mind, or both. The fearful impres¬ 
sions control the will without power 
to resist and neutralize their depress¬ 
ing influence. Such a style of writing 
indicates a spirit without intrinsic 
power, resolution, or ability to throw 
off encroachments, and is easily dis¬ 
concerted, discouraged and bowed 
down if hindered in the performance 
of any work, and very fearful when 
undertaking to do anything new or 


THOMAS MOORE. 

Small and Cramped. 

untried. Sometimes the disposition is 
reckless, and shows a lack of deliber¬ 
ate thought, but it is not bold, ag¬ 
gressive or impressible. There is 
some timidity and shyness, as well as 
irresolution and procrastination, 
which indicates that Cautiousness is 
large, and Hope is developed in only 
a small degree. Such a person crosses 
a bridge before he comes to it, and 
sees innumerable difficulties in his way 
before he thoroughly measures his 
own strength. He sees traps, dan¬ 
gers and failure before him; hence 
needs the stronger faculties to help 
him out of his difficulties. 






EDGAR A. POE. 
Dashing and Irregular. 



PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


IOI 



ISAAC MYER. 
Formal and Precise. 


Thomas Moore’s writing is small, 
round and graceful; in fact, so tiny 
that one almost needs glasses to see 
each distinct letter. The late John 
Oliver Hobbes wrote a very small and 
beautiful style, but it was not effemi¬ 
nate, and indicated strength of mind, 
regularity of thought and quickness of 
perception. Allen Haddock is another 
illustration of this style of writing. 

( 7 ) FORMAL AND PRECISE. 

The writing that comes under this 
heading shows so much mathematical 
calculation that one might think that 


THOMAS CARLYLE. 

Strong and Energetic, but Somewhat Ir¬ 
regular. 

bility are wanting. The disposition is 
positive and exact, and usually con¬ 
tracted ; while the inclinations are few 
and circumscribed. Self-Esteem is 
somewhat in evidence, and the person 
is often considered to be egotistical 
and not sufficiently susceptible to the 
finer feelings of others. Isaac My- 
er’s writing illustrates this style. 

(8) ORNATE AND FANCIFUL. 

This writing indicates a very dis¬ 
tinct class of characteristics, for the 
Ornate writing is another way of ex¬ 
pressing the style which gives excess- 



BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. 

Plain, Legible and Somewhat Ornate. 


the letters were all measured before 
they were written. In fact, it is very 
mechanical and methodical in every 
detail. 

It indicates Constructiveness and 
Order, without any Ideality to relieve 
it. Hence the mind of this writer is 
conventional and stereotyped, and 
shows but little, if any, imagination. 
There is also considerable narrow¬ 
ness, and precision to a fault, while 
taste, imagination, warmth and sensi- 



FRANK TILFORD. 
Ornate and Original. 


ive strokes and superfluous ornaments. 
It prevails where there is special tal¬ 
ent and genius. A person writing in 
this style cannot do things in the ordi¬ 
nary humdrum way; he must get out 
of the beaten track. Such writing in¬ 
dicates a poetic and artistic nature, a 
lover of the uncommon in everything, 
and one who possesses large Ideality, 
Sublimity, Spirituality and Benevo¬ 
lence, with less of the restraining 
qualities, such as Cautiousness, Se- 



HENRY A. BUCHTEL. 
Round and Measured. 






102 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



S. G. BON DURANT. 
Enthusiastic and Versatile. 


cretiveness, Constructiveness and 
Form. A person of this character 
likes to do big things; thus we find 
that orators and large, liberal-minded 
men and women write in this style, 
such as the Rev. Joseph Parker, who 
possessed a unique style of making his 
J’s and P’s, with long strokes at¬ 
tached. Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton 
is another example of a liberal-minded 
person, who was generous in thought 
and deed as well as in her style of 
writing. Mrs. May Wright Sewall is 
another example of this kind where 
liberality of sentiment has caused her 


plunges and speculate wildly in Wall 
Street, or on the race track, while 
great activity of body and mind will 
be found to be attached to this style 
of writing. More energy than 
strength of endurance will be mani¬ 
fested by such writing, and so much 
versatility of mind is often displayed 
by this style of writing that such per¬ 
sons are unable to finish the many 
things they begin, although they are 
nearly always hopeful concerning 
what they plan to do. Ladies who 
write in this way generally have an 
artistic and poetic mind, and while you 



RUSSELL SAGE. 

Plain, Legible and Economic. 


to express herself in a broad and lib¬ 
eral way. 

We must bear in mind, however, 
that all persons who make flourishes 
have not as powerful and well di¬ 
rected minds as the persons named 
above, for a foolish fop, with a great 
deal of conceit and little self-control, 
will often use extravagant flourishes, 
which show bad taste and little intelli¬ 
gence. This style of writing shows 
considerable buoyancy, enterprise and 
optimism; it is willing to make 



will never find a man like Abraham 
Lincoln, or Russell Sage, write in any 
form but the very plainest and most 
legible style, still a man of Benjamin 
Franklin’s temperament, with all his 
literary talent, his philosophical acu¬ 
men, and versatility of mind, wrote a 
legible hand, at the same time gave a 
fantastic flourish underneath his sig¬ 
nature. Thomas Carlyle, on the other 
hand, wrote a strong, energetic but 
irregular style, which was in accord¬ 
ance with his line of thought. Henry 



HOMER DAVENPORT. 
Plain and Original. 







PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


io 



Ward Beecher, like others of his 
build, wrote a strong, free, dashing, 
independent and original style, be¬ 
tokening his independent type of 
mind. Charlotte Cushman’s handwrit¬ 
ing was masculine in style, and 
showed traces of the large, round and 
bold type. As might be supposed, 
George Francis Train wrote as he 
spoke, in a free, easy, spread-eagle 
style, which showed that he wanted 
to appeal to the whole of creation. 

On a smaller scale, and yet with as 
much effect, we find the writing of 
Edgar Allen Poe showed some of the 
indications of the ornate and poetic, 
though it was irregular and betokened 
originality of mind. William Cullen 
Bryant united the plain and legible 
with a few pleasing curves which 
showed great elegance of mind, cult¬ 
ure and refinement, quite different 
from his brother poet John G. Whit¬ 
tier, who possessed a bold, dashing, 
but irregular and uneven style. 

It is here that Phrenology can be 
of very great help in the interpreta¬ 
tion of the mind of each person whose 
writing is submitted for examination. 


Some persons might think that all 
poets should write alike, and all law¬ 
yers and ministers, but this is not the 
case, as there is as much variety of 
style among artists possessing differ¬ 
ent characteristics, as there is between 
two distinct classes of workers, like 
artists and actors. Mrs. Lillian G. 
Mendel’s writing illustrates the Or¬ 
nate and Fanciful style, also that of 
H. H. Hinman. 

(9) PLAIN AND LEGIBLE. 

This handwriting is always a pleas¬ 
ure to read, and although there may 
not be so much original character rep¬ 
resented in this style, it is, without 
doubt, one to be recommended. Any¬ 
one who, like the writer, has been for 
many years secretary of a large Phil¬ 
anthropic Association, will appreciate 
the difficulties of having to read in a 
fluent manner the illegible writing of 
persons known for possessing many 
distinct characteristics. 

Hence the plain and legible hand¬ 
writing, like that of Abraham Lincoln, 
is haled with delight, for the work of 
transcribing such is comparatively 
easy. Abraham Lincoln cared more 



DAVID S. BISPHAM. 
Artistic and Ornate. 







104 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



REV. JOSEPH PARKER. 
Original, Bold and Legible. 


for clearness than for embellishment, 
in writing as well as in everything he 
did. His writing denoted the desire 
to reflect, the will power to give sub¬ 
stance, the caution to look ahead, and 
a serious, determined, steadfast dis¬ 
position. President Roosevelt’s writ¬ 
ing is similar to that of Lincoln’s, in¬ 
asmuch as it is Energetic, Analytical 
and Forceful, and looks as though it 
belonged to someone who accom¬ 
plished things. 

A person who writes a plain and 
legible hand shows that he can direct 
his business methods into common- 
sense grooves; that he cares more to 
live for some useful object that will 
benefit his fellow creatures than for 
personal gain or outward show. He 
is likely to be more industrious and 
painstaking in his work than brilliant 
or original; more dependable than er¬ 
ratic ; more useful than ornamental. 
Benjamin Franklin’s and John Bur¬ 
roughs’ writing illustrate this style, 
(io) DASHING AND ILLEGIBLE. 

The interpretation of this style of 
writing is given in the text, for every¬ 
one knows what a dashing style 
means, and when we add the word 
illegible to it, we find that there is 

WM. LLOYD GARRISON. 

Plain, Legible, Somewhat Pointed and 
Angular. 



JOHN BURROUGHS. 

Plain, Legible and Somewhat Pointed. 


great haste manifested by the writer, 
and but little care in forming this 
style. It indicates spontaneity of 
thought, and some imagination, as 
well as genius and fertility of mind. 
An automobile that dashes along the 
roadway indicates that the driver 
cares little for safety or the rules of 
driving, but he has an object to ob¬ 
tain, and that object may be an ambi¬ 
tion that springs from the exercise of 
different faculties. It may be through 
hunger, or Alimentiveness; darkness 
may be settling down, and time may 
be an object, namely to reach a city 
before dark; or sickness may be the 
object, and Benevolence may accentu¬ 
ate the speed. 

So with an individual who has a 
dashing disposition; a person who 
dashes off a note to a friend, and 
makes it so illegible that the friend 
cannot clearly make out the purpose 
of the writer, shows more intensity to 
get the note off than thoughtfulness 
in writing it. 

Horace Greeley’s writing was dash¬ 
ing and illegible, so much so that a 
clerk whom he was dismissing at one 
time took the letter of dismissal to 
another firm and showed it as a letter 
of recommendation. The latter firm 
was none the wiser for the contents, 
and taking it for a recommendation, 
as the young man desired them to, en¬ 
gaged him on the spot. 

The character expressed in this kind 
of writing,—namely, Dashing and 

WILLIAM T. STEAD. 

Emphatic, Plain and Regular. 







PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


105 



CHAS. H. SHEPARD. 

Plain and Legible at Eighty Years of Age. 

Illegible—indicates inspiration, ag¬ 
gressiveness, and a spasmodic hope¬ 
fulness of disposition; but it is often 
impatient, violent in expression of 
temper, over ambitious, incapable of 
bearing criticism, contradiction, or 1 
controversy. In social matters it is 
often deeply affected by feelings of 
emotion, and shows fervor of spirit, 
though not always lasting regard. If 
a collector for some charity can get 
hold of the interest and purse strings 
of such a writer, he will perhaps suc¬ 
ceed in getting him to empty his 
pockets of all his coin; but if he gives 
him time to reflect, or to wait, and 
write out a check, the individual may 
change his mind, and decide that the 
object is not worth a large sum, and 
may give a few dollars instead of a 
few hundred dollars. 

The illegibility may come from the 
speed and rapidity of the dashing 








WfITIJnTG, of old ASL • 
90 


style, as the pen may write in un¬ 
sightly jerks, or from a torrent of 
spirit and enthusiasm, just like the 
water falls down over the rocks at 
Lodore, or over the Niagara Rapids 
near the whirlpool. 

Character is therefore manifested 
in many, many ways, and at different 
periods of one’s life, as well as under 
different impressions or excitement, 
one’s caligraphy will change. 

SOME CHARACTERISTIC LETTERS OF THE 
ALPHABET. 

The letter A is made in many differ¬ 
ent styles by different people. When 
it is well made, it is a sign of intelli¬ 
gence. An A that is large, vertical 
and graceful shows a harmonious 
mind, with the attributes of firmness, 
vivacity, self-poise and sympathy; 
while an A that is slanting, and nearly 
horizontal, indicates a lack of centrali¬ 
zation or self-poise, moral courage 
and energy, with a good deal of self- 
conceit, self-appreciation and vanity. 

The small a, when open at the top, 
is a sign of open-mindedness, liberal¬ 
ity of expression, and freeness of ut¬ 
terance ; while a small a closed at the 
top is a sign of secretiveness, reserve 
and caution. 

The same applies to the vowel o 
when open and closed. You will find 
that the small 0, when open at the top, 
is written by a talkative person, and 
one who circulates news; while the o 
that is closed indicates that the mind 
is sealed, and no secrets will be let out. 

The letter B, when it is large, round 
and full, generally indicates the Vital 
Temperament, accompanied by a good 
dash of sympathy, poetic genius, 
friendliness and sociability. If it is 
made in a cramped, narrow way, the 
person is likely to express an economic 
type of character, which may border 
on to avarice, stinginess and graft. 

The letter C indicates considerable 
character, for the curve is capable of 
much fine extension, taste and re¬ 
finement, or coarseness and vulgarity. 




v io6 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



Wj^ITELT^S 

Attelxtpt to wj^itEv Jopi^sr White 


In cases where the end of the C has 
curled around upon itself, we have 
found egotism and self-complacency. 

When the small b has an opening 
in the vertical section, it shows kindli¬ 
ness, in common with all letters that 
are looped. 

The D is very much like the B in 
significance, for when it is large and 
open, it gives expression to liberality 


contracted way which shows intensity 
of mind and thought. 

The capital letters F, H, K, and L 
are much alike in their fundamental 
style, and all require considerable en¬ 
ergy, executiveness, force of charac¬ 
ter and personal command when made 
correctly. But if they are written in 
a slim, inelegant way, they denote lack 
of poise, indecision of character, and 



■of thought and feeling; but when it 
is closed and narrow, it is non-com¬ 
mittal in its significance. 

The E indicates some selfishness 
when the curl of the tail is coiled 
■around into the bottom of the letter. 
The small e is written in a great vari¬ 
ety of ways, and allows of much vari¬ 
ation in the interpretation of its use. 
Sometimes it is written like a capital; 
while at other times in a small and 


also a lack of the perceptive mind. 

M and N show considerable varia¬ 
tion of character. For instance, when 
the capital M is written with three 
strokes, each one being on a level, it 
indicates that the writer is capable of 
carrying out his purpose and ambi¬ 
tions. But if the second a v A third 
strokes diminish in height, there is a 
lack of hope, enterprise and aggres¬ 
siveness, and such a person will not 


0 








Se.’nuje: Dementia.. 






PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


'107 


)'Y ** K <• ^ 

t t^j tu~4~y. ^ 

Loco>ioto3^ * 

CSECO >TD STAGE/^ 


attain his ideals. If the second and 
third strokes are higher than the first, 
the person will show remarkable ag¬ 
gressiveness, inspiration and a look¬ 
ing for higher things. 

The letter T is a very important one, 
and shows quite a distinct amount of 
character in the way in which it is 
crossed. Thus strength of will is 
shown by the down strokes of the let¬ 
ter itself, while the bar across the let¬ 
ter, if it is placed with a slope up¬ 
ward, indicates hope and optimism, 
while if it slopes downward, it indi¬ 
cates pessimism, as the final endings 
of all letters do, if they show a down¬ 
ward tendency. 

When the T is crossed high up, it is 
an indication that the person has a 
dyspeptic tendency, while if it is 
crossed low down, it indicates a de¬ 
gree of faithfulness, sincerity, equity, 
continuity of thought, and a substan¬ 
tial constitution. Vivacious and quick 
persons give the T but a short cross¬ 
ing. 

When the small letters /, t, h, and / 
have an extension upwards of unusual 
height, they denote a speculative tend¬ 
ency, and if the y and g have a long 
tail to them] below the ordinary line of 
the writing, there is considerable en¬ 


ergy of character, ambition and cour¬ 
age. 

If the writing has an unevenness to 
it, and the formation of the letters is 
low rather than high, the writing in¬ 
dicates tactfulness, reserve, diplomacy, 
and even craftiness. 

We write, however, under an impul¬ 
sive mood, a generous mood, or a 
thoughtful mood, in turn, and do not 
express all our character in one style 
alone. 

We have been asked if persons can¬ 
not deceive by their writing. Cer¬ 
tainly they can, but a graphologist 
can generally detect the deception, and 
will note that it is not the natural style 
of the individual. 

THE PATHOLOGICAL SIDE OF GRAPHOLO¬ 
GY. 

Mental disorders have been diag¬ 
nosed many times by a person’s hand¬ 
writing. Hence Senile Dementia, Oc- 
cular trouble, Writers’ Cramp, Loco¬ 
motor Ataxia, Post-Epilepsy, Old 
Age, and many functional disorders, 
as well as Melancholia, Paresis or 
softening of the brain, and chronic 
affections, too numerous to mention in 
an article of this character, have been 
detected through the handwriting of 
individuals. 





CHAPTER X. 


The Science of Piedology, and How Character is 
Manifested in the Walk* 

By Jessie Allen Fowler. 


It has been said by some people 
who believe they know what they are 
talking about, that the feet are more 
expressive of character and disposi¬ 
tion than either the hands or face; 
and though much food for reflection 
may be given us by a study of Pied- 
ology, we believe that the face and 
head are truer and more reliable in¬ 
dices of character. 

TEMPERAMENT IN THE FOOT. 

Temperament has much to do with 
deciding the form and character of 
our feet, and there are as many kinds 
of feet as there are combinations of 
temperament. Thus we have the flat, 
long and broad foot, which accom¬ 
panies the Motive Temperament, and 
is generally found attached to a per¬ 
son who is six feet tall, and whose 
other limbs are in proportion. We 
have measured some feet that have 
been five and a half and six inches 
broad, and about twelve inches long. 


Other feet are two and a half inches 
broad, and six inches long, and ac¬ 
company the person who has a Men¬ 
tal Temperament, whose hands are 
also small, and all the bones of the 
body are in like proportion. Then, 
again, we have measured feet that 
have been full, round and plump, 
whose breadth has been four inches, 
and length nine inches; these belong 
to the Vital Temperament. 

GEOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES. 

It is not surprising to find, when 
studying this subject, that types of 
people who live in the South, East, 
North and West possess characteristi¬ 
cally different kinds of feet, and if 
one is observant he can very quickly 
tell by a stranger’s feet from what 
part of the country he comes. 

The feet of the Southerner are 
small, and the instep is generally 
high; while the feet of the Northern¬ 
er are larger than those of the 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



Southerner and generally flatter in 
the instep. The people of the North 
wear stronger, broader and larger 
shoes, boots and ties, while people in 
the South step out onto the pave¬ 
ment in small, thin-soled, delicate slip¬ 
pers and pumps. 

The foot of the Westerner is 
largely adapted to aggressiveness in 
business; therefore it is broader, 
longer and larger than that of the 
Easterner. People of the West are 
active, energetic, and forceful in 
type; they prefer to walk rather than 
ride, and when they work they ac¬ 
complish something big and exten¬ 
sive. 

THE HIGH INSTEP. 

The person who has a high instep 
is generally credited with coming 
from noble ancestry and high nobil¬ 
ity. In other words, it accompanies 
refinement, culture and delicacy. This 
does not mean necessarily that the flat 
foot is a sign of a low and coarse na¬ 
ture, but it accompanies a character 
that is rather less exuberant, less 
interested in mere gaiety and amuse¬ 
ment, and less desirous to dance and 
show off its form and proportion. 

THE LONG, FLAT FOOT. 

A long, flat foot is generally an in¬ 
dication of independence of mind, of 
aggressiveness in business, of honest^ 
of purpose; while the arched foot 
gives intensity of mind, vivacity of 
manner, love of change and variety, 
and an admiration for the things that 


are beautiful, artistic and costly. 

A slightly arched foot indicates the 
possession of a well-balanced charac¬ 
ter, a well poised mind, and one not 
easily put off the balance. 

THE ROUND, FLESHY FOOT. 

Persons who possess a round, 
fleshy foot are amiable, agreeable, so¬ 
cial, home-loving people, but are the 
reverse to being dignified, sedate, or 
reverential. If you seek for the lat¬ 
ter characteristics, your search will be 
rewarded if you will look among 
those who have a slight, well-formed, 
regulated foot from toe to ankle. It 
is not a foot you can designate as 
broad, high, low, round or flat, but it 
seems to be a combination of the at¬ 
tributes of each, which makes it a 
desirable foot to possess. 

THE IRREGULAR FOOT. 

The irregularly formed foot, cov¬ 
ered by a shoe that fashion dictates 
is becoming, accompanies a person 
known for extravagant habits, pe¬ 
culiarities of temper, andeoutbursts of 
enthusiasm; but it is not the foot that 
one should desire to possess, and per¬ 
sons would do well to keep far away 
from such an individual. 

THE SOLE. 

The sole of the foot is quite a 
study in itself, and yet few people 
take any interest in making a model 
of the foot. The writer has taken 
models of babies’ feet which show 
quite a distinct amount of character, 
and a diagram is here given indicat¬ 
ing how the lines of the foot corre- 



THE ARCHED FOOT. 


no 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



spond to a great extent with those of 
the hand. 

IDENTIFICATION OF CRIMINALS. 

The time is coming, we believe, 
when an impression will be taken of 
the feet of criminals as a means of 
identification as well as an indication 
of character. The Bertillon system, 
which was organized in France some 
years ago, and which has been copied 
in this country, takes an impression 
of the balls of the thumbs as a means 
of identification. If, however, per¬ 
sons will take an impression of the 
soles of the feet, they will find that 
on the balls of each foot, and on the 
heel, there are similar circles to be 
observed. 

ANATOMICAL POINT OF VIEW. 

From an anatomical point of view 
it is interesting to note that there are 
twenty-six bones in the foot, seven 
bones forming the heel and back por¬ 
tion, which are so arranged as to 
make an arch of the instep; while 
forward of the instep lie five parallel 
bones, the fore part of each forming 
the ball of the toe to which it is joined. 
There are two bones in the big toe, 
and three in each of the others. The 
bones of the foot are similar to those 


of the hand, and are called Tarsal 
Bones, being named as follows: Cal¬ 
caneus, Astragulus, Cuboid, Sca¬ 
phoid, and the Internal, Middle and 
External Cuneiform Bones. 

DEFORMED FOOT AND HAND. 

Of course, the foot is capable of 
being deformed in shape by ill-fitting 
boots and by hard work, and the walk 
is often deformed and unnatural in 
consequence, though the deformity 
may express a part of the character 
that has been assumed and cultivated. 
So with the hand, the glove may 
cramp or the occupation may change 
its form, and the latter may alter the 
flow of the handwriting. A person 
very often interprets one part of his 
character in his handwriting during 
a certain period of his life, yet 
changes his work, and his character 
and writing, at another period. 

Some of the best known people in 
the world express much of their 
character in their boots and walk, and 
anyone can do a little thinking on his 
own account when he is sitting in a 
Ferry-House, Car or Trolley, by ob¬ 
serving the various styles of boots and 
the character that has shaped these 
boots, irrespective of their looks. 

PIEDOLOGY. 

Piedology has not as yet received 
the attention that it ought to have, 
and we believe that in the future 



PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


hi 


much will be interestingly revealed 
concerning the philosophy of this 
part of our anatomy. It may Seem 
rather a new idea to many that a per- 



FOOT. 

son expresses some of his character 
in his feet as well as his countenance, 
but we believe that nowhere in the 


world are people more particular 
about the shape of their shoes than 
in France and America. The Eng¬ 
lish shoes are rather thick and clumsy, 
but Americans are influencing Eng¬ 
lish boot-makers to take more pains 
with the style and finish of their 
goods, and hence they are producing 
a better fit. English people are excel¬ 
lent walkers, and like comfortable 
boots, notwithstanding how they look. 

A PSYCHOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. 

That the boot has a psychological 
significance in tracing crimes is a 
matter also for the future to take up 
and make use of. By foot-prints the 
police have already been able to trace 
the character of the walk of some 
criminals, and this has afforded some 
elucidation and important facts and 
statistics in unravelling mysterious 
plots. 

FAD TO TAKE SNAP SHOTS. 

A few illustrations have appeared 
from time to time in the public press 
of persons passing in and out of the 
White House and Capital in Wash¬ 
ington ; in fact, it has become quite a 
fad to take snap shots of persons 
when walking, and among these we 
find the following in the Tribune, 
Journal, etc. 

president Roosevelt’s feet. 

President Roosevelt walks with 
quite a stride, indicating decision, ex¬ 
ecutiveness and force of character. 
The heel appears to be well dug into 
the pavement, and the toe is the last 
part of the foot to reach the ground, 
showing that he does not want to 
take chances about a thing that he in¬ 
tends to accomplish, and so plunges 
deep into the sidewalk or carpet, 
wherever he happens to be walking. 
He has no mincing step that hesi¬ 
tates and falters, but has the walk of 
a Caesar. 

archbishop parley’s feet. 

The. feet of Archbishop Farley 
present a remarkable contrast to those 
of President Roosevelt. Instead of 






112 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



THE FEET OF PRESIDENT ROOSE¬ 
VELT. 

the independent attitude of the latter, 
there is marked humility expressed in 
the turning in of the toes, and the 
closeness with which the feet are 
placed together. A reverence for 
something is expressed, evidently, in 
his case, for the church. 

j. pierpont Morgan’s feet. 

J. Pierpont Morgan places his feet 
down firmly on the ground, as though 
he had some important business to 
transact. His walk indicates that he 
is a practical observer of facts, that 
he has a strong will, and power to 
master large and important lines of 
work. His are more the feet of a 
man of business than a person of 
leisure, and his stride is that of one 
who knows what he is about. 
edward p. weston’s feet. 

Edward P. Weston, the celebrated 
walker, has evidently the gait of a 
man who knows how to use his feet. 
In fact, he is an expert in lifting up 
his pedal extremities. He is not a 
man who believes in tight boots, or 
who is accustomed to live much in¬ 
doors, but prefers outdoor work. He 
is evidently a man of great strength 
of purpose and individuality of char¬ 
acter, and has steadfastness, endur¬ 
ance and self-reliance expressed in 
his feet. 

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER’S FEET. 

John D. Rockefeller has a walk 
that shows a fine contrast to that of 
Weston, for in his style he repre¬ 
sents anxiety, thoughtfulness, shrewd¬ 


ness and caution. His boots have not 
so many wrinkles in them as have 
those of Weston, and we judge he 
does not walk as much in the open 
air. They indicate a firm, positive, 
keen-minded character, with some of 
the elements of suspicion and stub¬ 
bornness intermingled with sensitive¬ 
ness, susceptibility and liberality. He 
does not believe in cramping his feet, 
and has a much broader tread than 
Recorder Goff, or Archbishop Farley. 
He might be set down as a man who 
could not be easily understood by the 
casual passer-by. 

GEN. FRED D. GRANT’S FEET. 

General Fred D. Grant walks in 
the way that we would expect him 
to, with self-control, deliberateness 
and poise of body. His walk makes 
a fine comparison with that of Roose¬ 
velt, and the two could hardly get 
along well together when walking 
arm in arm; the one would be slow 
and careful to make no slip on the ice 
or orange peel, while the other would 
show no fear, but press his feet down 
so firmly that the ice would crunch 
under his tread, and the orange peel 
would be crushed. There is nothing 
superficial about General Grant’s 
walk, but what is indicated is a calm 
self-possession and a plain, matter-of- 
fact character. 

MARK TWAIN’s FEET 

Though men have a broader tread 
than women, yet there are some men 
who have quite a distinctly formed 



THE FEET OF ARCHBISHOP FAR¬ 
LEY. 













PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


ii3 



THE FEET OF J. PIERPONT MOR¬ 
GAN. 

instep, and Mark Twain appears to 
be an example of this kind. His walk 
is indicative of a man of keen acu¬ 
men, and one who has a responsive 
nature, and a light, easy tread. He 
would compare well with the Irish 
bog-trotter, or farmer, and is one 
who lifts up his feet well when he 
walks, rather than shuffles them on 
the pavement. His walk indicates 
that he is quick to take a hint, and 
does not let the grass grow under his 
feet. He is a man who isf able to uti¬ 
lize emergencies whenever they arise, 
and is not taken unawares unless he 
allows his sympathies too much 
sway. 

ADMIRAL “bob” EVANS’S FEET. 

Admiral “Bob” Evans walks like a 
man who has had considerable disci¬ 
pline and drill where he has had un¬ 
usual experience. He puts his feet 
down on the ground sufficiently wide 
apart to show force of character and 
general poise of mind; hence such a 
person would be able to command 



THE FEET OF J. D. ROCKEFELLER. 



THE FEET OF GEN. F. D. GRANT. 


others with more than ordinary de¬ 
cision of character. 

EDWARD PAYSON WESTON^ IDEAS OF 
WALKING. 

It will be remembered that Weston 
gave some practical thoughts upon 
walking, after L.s great feat of walk¬ 
ing from Portland, Maine, to Chi¬ 
cago. He does not believe that thi 
feet should be too close together, as 
that will prevent balance and proper 
poise; nor does he favor a wide.stride. 
He has demonstrated in the New 
York Journal how a person should 
plant his feet evenly for restful 
pavement-walking; how to get an 
easy swinging stride; how to keep 
the feet slightly apart, and also how 
one may err by planting the feet too 
closely together. 

CHARACTER IN WALK. 

The more we study Piedology the 
more we find nearly every individual 
characteristic depicted in some one in¬ 
dividual. For instance, we can see 
the straightforward walk, in the per- 



THE FEET OF MARK TWAIN. 

















PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


114 


THE FEET OF ADMIRAL “BOB” 
EVANS. 

son who makes no pretences at fancy 
steps; the firm walk, which indicates 
determination of character, resolve 
and steady persistence; the proud 
walk of the person who holds his head 
well up in the air, and who takes his 
steps as though the earth belonged to 
him; the humble walk of the man who 
shows respect, reverence and regard 
for superiority; the quick, restless, 
energetic walk of the one who is in a 
dreadful hurry and cannot wait for 
anyone to get out of his way; the am¬ 
bitious, vain walk of a person who is 
easily flattered, and who makes a dis¬ 
play of every step he takes; the cau¬ 
tious walk of a person who shows 
timidity and hesitancy, as though 
there was danger ahead; the suspi¬ 
cious walk of a person who is stealthy 
and cunning, and always on the watch 
for someone to turn around the cor¬ 
ner, such as the walk of the Indian 
who is following a trail, or the thief 
who does not want to be found out, 
who slides along and walks on his 
toes, and resembles the fox when 
eluding the hounds, or the cat when 


THE FEET OF RECORDER GOFF. 

catching a bird or mouse, or the 
snake as it stealthily glides along in 
the grass; the rolling walk of the 
hunter, who takes a swaying move¬ 
ment and steps lightly, with long 
strides, at the same time throwing his 
head forward as if listening to some¬ 
thing in the distance; the courageous 
walk, which throws the head back and 
swings the hands high in the air, 
takes the steps on the heels, and goes 
straight ahead without looking back; 
the thoughtful walk that is full of re¬ 
flection, where the eyes are cast on 
the ground, or up in the air, and 
where the steps are deliberate, slow 
and measured. These are some of 
the many attributes of the mind 
which could be enlarged upon almost 
indefinitely. 

We would advise, as a matter of ex¬ 
periment, that our readers walk be¬ 
hind someone who has just left the 
post-office and who is reading a let¬ 
ter just received, and they will be able 
to tell the various faculties that are 
being exercised and tell the contents 
of the letter by the person’s pedal 
movements. 





RESTFUL PAVEMENT WALKING. 


EASY, SWINGING STRIDE. 




















PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


US 



FEET SLIGHTLY SEPARATED. 


THE WALK OF THE HEALTHY PERSON. 

The walk of the healthy man indi¬ 
cates that he will never die of con¬ 
sumption, for he stands upright, with 
chest well forward and shoulders 
well thrown back. He breathes freely, 
lives temperately, his circulation and 
digestion are perfect, and all the func¬ 
tions of his body and brain act in 
harmony. He is at peace with him¬ 
self and all mankind, and expresses 
the same in his walk. 

WALK OF THE PERSON WHO STOOPS. 

The man who stoops has just the 
opposite walk from that of the healthy 
man, for he goes along with con¬ 
tracted chest and stooping shoulders, 
indicating that he feels a kind of apol¬ 
ogy for being here at all. His self- 
reliant faculties are weak and unde¬ 
veloped. He may be a very kind- 
hearted man, but he does not take the 
bull by the horns, and steps aside to 
let others have the right of way. 




FEET OF THE STATUE OF APOLLO. 


Though intelligent, he is unappre¬ 
ciated, and though liberally educated 
for a learned profession, he has not 
confidence enough in himself to en¬ 
ter upon its practice. He pronounces 
life a failure, and his walk is timid, 
irresolute and uncertain, and his step 
comparatively light. He needs to 
walk behind the healthy man, or the 
one who has large Self-Esteem, and 
imitate his style of walking. 

THE WALK OF THE BURLY MAN. 

The burly man has too much of 
what the stooping man lacks, for his 
self-reliant faculties, such as Self- 
Esteem, Destructiveness and Com¬ 
bativeness, with moderate restraining 
powers, such as Cautiousness, Vener¬ 
ation and Secretiveness, give him but 
little inclination to consider the wants 



FEET TOO CLOSE TOGETHER FOR POSITION OF THE FEET IN WALK- 
COMFORT. ING. 
















PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


or rights of others. As a rule he steps 
heavily on his heels (especially if 
Firmness is large), and is inclined to 
make other people get out of his way. 
He “bears the market,” shaves notes, 
lends money on the best securities 
where he can double it, or on bonds 
and mortgages, and forecloses when 
he can. He is opposed to innovations 
or internal improvements. He does 
not believe in reforms, and considers 
it a loss of time to educate children 
beyond reading, writing and cipher- 


his walk is uncertain, a sort of tip¬ 
toed step, and a kind of canting to the 
right and the left. Approbativehess 
is large in the person who walks like 
this, and if Self-Esteem is small, he 
becomes a clown. He will generally 
wear his hat tilted on one side, and 
stick his thumbs in the armholes of 
his vest. There will be a great dis¬ 
play of jewelry, and if there be a 
want of deference and respect grow¬ 
ing out of small Veneration, then 
there will be extravagant language, 



MAN’S FOOT—HIGH INSTEP. 


ing. He is a man of the world and 
of facts. His heaven is a small spot 
which he can generally get under his 
jacket. He is always looking out for 
number one, and thinks more of the 
physical body than the indwelling of 
the Holy Spirit. 

THE WALK OF THE IMPUDENT PERSON. 

The impudent person is vulgar, 
pompous and uncultured, and is a 
bundle of vanity, deceit and pride; 
he has no humility, dignity, grati¬ 
tude, affection or devotion. Hence 


including vulgarity and profanity. 

THE WALK OF HONEST AND SECRET**** 
PERSONS. 

An honest, straightforward per¬ 
son will go right along, never turning 
to the right or the left, and if there 
be considerable executiveness, the 
gait will be heavy and more strong 
than delicate; but if the person be 
educated, his step will be more re¬ 
fined and characterized by regularity 
and time. A secretive person, on the 
contrary, will have a cunning step, 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


ii 7 


and show a stealthiness like that of 
the fox, cat or snake, and though he 
may weigh as much as two hundred 
and fifty pounds, his step will be light 
rather than heavy, and something like 
that of the Indian who is constantly 



looking out for spies or prey of one 
kind or another. He can work better 
in the dark than in the light, and is 


always misleading and deceiving 
everyone who comes in contact with 
him, and it is only by studying his 
movements that his thoughts and pur¬ 
poses can be discovered. He often 
walks on tip toes over roofs and down 
corridors. 



THE WALK OF THE COARSE PERSON. 

A coarse, untrained, blunt bog-trot¬ 
ter will walk heavily on his heels, 
whether he is in the parlor, the church, 
the kitchen or the barn, and his gait is 
more like that of a horse on a bridge 
















PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


RESEMBLES HIS MOTHER. 

THE WALK OF DIGNIFIED AND HOPEFUL 
PERSONS. 

The dignified man has a dignified, 
independent walk, while the humble 
man has an inclined and hesitating 
walk. The hopeful man has a buoy¬ 
ant, optimistic and sanguine walk, 
while the despondent man has a drag¬ 
ging, hopeless, pessimistic walk, as 
though he were going to prison rather 
than to his duty. The executive man 


RESEMBLES HER FATHER. 

a live person, and good for nothing. 
THE WALK OF THE THOUGHTFUL PER¬ 
SON. 

The thoughtful man has a delib¬ 
erate, slow and absorbed walk. The 
head is bent forward as though the 
mind were occupied and the atten- 


than that of a cultivated gentleman. 
When he dances, his movements re¬ 
semble a “jig,” or a “break-down,” 
and his walk is a hobble, a shuffle, 
and a sort of “get-along,” but shows 
great lack of decision, dignity and 
refinement. 


has an elastic, forceful and energetic 
walk, while the lazy, slothful man has 
a slow, spiritless and listless walk. 
The slovenly man has an uneven, un¬ 
steady and slouchy walk, with one 
foot dragging leisurely after the 
other. There is no energy, enterprise 
or ambition in such a person’s walk, 
and he appears more like a dead than 







PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


tion absorbed on some important 
question; while the thoughtless per¬ 
son is a mere looker instead of a 
thinker, and walks with a sauntering 
gait, and carries his head accordingly. 
The inquiring man has large Percep- 
tives, and goes along as though in¬ 
quiring into everything that attracts 
his immediate attention. He has a 
sauntering, irregular gait, and is evi¬ 
dently in the pursuit of knowledge; 
he sacrifices manners to gratify his 
desire to see, and is suggestive of the 
question, “Do you see anything 
green ?” 

THE WALK OF TIMID AND HUSTLING 
PERSONS. 

The timid man has a cautious, 
frightened walk, and expresses the 
thought that he is afraid he may step 
on eggs, fall into a ditch, or stumble 
over a rail. He is naturally a care¬ 
taker, is fussy, particular, and always 
looking out for pitfalls. He gets a 
living by saving what others would 
waste, and his walk and character are 
mincing, undecided, gentle and gin¬ 
gerly. The hustling man has the mo¬ 
tions of one who is always in a hurry, 
no matter whether he has anything 
to do or not at the other end of his 
walk. He is a man who “walks all 
over,” and when he sits down he 
spreads himself, with one foot here 
and the other yonder. Pie has no 
time to think, but only to look and 
hurry, and always walks in an atti¬ 
tude as though he were facing a regu¬ 
lar “northeaster.” with steam all on, 
and as though the whole world were 
waiting to speak to him. He is a 
Jehu and no mistake. 

TEMPERAMENT IN THE WALK. 

The walk of the person possessing 
the Motive Temperament is heavy, 
r-irong and positive. There is no 
doubt in his mind as to what he wants 


119 

to do, and his walk expresses execu¬ 
tiveness, force and energy. The walk 
of the person who has a Vital Tem¬ 
perament is generally light, elastic, 
buoyant and joyous; while the walk 
of the person who has a Mental Tem¬ 
perament is thoughtful, slow and de¬ 
liberate. 

CHARACTER IN THE HIPS AND SHOUL¬ 
DERS. 

As the walk of every person has 
to be taken from the hips, and some¬ 
times from the shoulders, it is well 
to say a word on this particular sub¬ 
ject. It is a well known characteristic 
of the masculine organization to pos¬ 
sess high shoulders and narrow hips, 
while the feminine prerogative is to 
have sloping shoulders and broad 
hips. Nature has designed this ar¬ 
rangement of the human form in or¬ 
der that the various functions of life 
may be performed and carried out. 

We find that when a man takes 
after his mother, he will inherit her 
sloping shoulders, while when a wom¬ 
an takes after her father in build and 
temperament, she will have high 
shoulders, and be tall and angular in 
form. 

When sitting behind anyone in 
church, the theater, or lecture-room, 
one can often detect these resem¬ 
blances and inherited traits in those 
sitting just in front of one, and pre¬ 
dict the characteristics before the in¬ 
dividuals turn round. So when 
walking down a street one can gauge 
the characteristics of a person walk¬ 
ing in front of him quite easily, and 
also the inherited temperament, by 
the height of the shoulders and the 
breadth of the hips. The illustra¬ 
tions here given show that the lady 
resembles her father in her high 
shoulders and narrow hips; while the 
gentleman resembles his mother in his 
sloping shoulders and broad hips. 


CHAPTER XI 


The Hand Phrenologically Considered* 

By Jessie Allen Fowler. 


The hand of man, like the ap¬ 
pendages to the trunks of animals, has 
a certain definite relation with his 
whole organization. As Sir C. Bell 
observes, “The possession of an in¬ 
strument like the hand implies that 
there must be a great part of the or¬ 
ganization which strictly belongs to 
it concealed. The hand is not a thing 
appended, or put on to the body like 
an additional movement in a watch; 
but a thousand intricate relations 
must be established throughout the 
whole frame in connection with it.” 

The form of the hand, like that of 
the entire body, is materially influ¬ 
enced by age, sex and race; and it is 
not less affected by the particular kind 
of organism, the mental disposition, 
and the temperament of the individ¬ 
ual. 

Age: —During infancy and child¬ 
hood the hand retains, to a certain ex¬ 
tent, the same character, the hand of 
the child being soft and thick, with 
a broad palm and short rudimentary 
fingers. With the period of puberty 


it attains its perfect development, and 
acquires characters which it preserves 
throughout manhood. As old age 
creeps on, the hand loses its softness 
and pliancy; it becomes hard and in¬ 
sensible, and its vigor, like that of 
the mind, may be said to be gone* 
Politics, science, literature,—what¬ 
ever active intellectual pursuit the 
mind formerly delighted in, com¬ 
mences at this period of life to lose its 
former charm, to be succeeded by a 
love of quiet rural occupation. In 
the language of D’Arpentigny, “It is 
when our stiffened hands become, as 
it were, ossified and nearly insensi¬ 
ble, and afford a faithful image of 
our impoverished intelligence, that we 
are the most ruled by this mania for 
agricultural pursuits.” 

Sex: —The sexes differ as much in 
the form of their hands as they do in 
the figure of the skeleton, and in the 
general habit and conformation of the 
head and entire body. As Carus ob¬ 
serves, “He must be but a superficial 
observer of mankind who could not 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


121 


at once recognize the sex from a sim¬ 
ple inspection of the hand. The hand 
of woman is smaller, more delicate, 
and much more finely articulated than 
that of man; it has a softer palm, and 
joints which are but slightly promi¬ 
nent. The hand of man, on the con¬ 
trary, is large, firm and broad, is fur¬ 
nished with strong projecting joints, 
and a hard, wide palm, together with 
a large thumb, with a strong convex 
ball or root.” Here, again, we find 
the physical structure in harmony 
with the mental disposition,—the 
firm, strong, broad hand of man being 
indicative of his active, energetic, 
reasoning mind; and the soft, nar¬ 
row, delicate hand of woman symboli¬ 
cal of her sensitive, yielding, contem¬ 
plative character. 

Race :—It would appear that in the 
American and Mongolian races the 
hand is characterized by a preponder¬ 
ance of the motive element over the 
sensitive, the member being large and 
coarse, with the bones, muscles and 
joints strongly developed. As re¬ 
gards the dark-colored races, we 
know that they differ somewhat from 
the white in the texture of their skin; 
it is coarser in its structure, provided 
with a large number of sebaceous 
glands, and covered by a thick layer 
of cuticle, so that the sentient termi¬ 
nations of the nerves being less ex¬ 
posed, its general sensibility must be 
considerably less than that of the skin 
of white people. 

But the hand not only affords us 
characteristics by which the age and 
sex may be determined, it is likewise 
an index of the general habit of body, 
of the kind of temperament, and of 
the mental tendency and disposition. 
THE TEXTURE OF THE HAND AS AN IN¬ 
DEX OF CHARACTER. 

We observe the structure of the 
skin,—whether it be fine or coarse, 
whether it be hard and unyielding or 
soft and elastic. We note the quan¬ 
tity of fat and of cellular tissue, and 


this enables us to form a judgment re¬ 
specting the degree of texture; and 
we have already proved that a man of 
soft, lax habit, with an abundance of 
cellular and fatty tissues, differs in 
mental tendency and disposition from 
one of firm, tense fiber, in whom the 
bones, muscles and articulations are 
strong and prominent. Thus a soft, 
thick, fat and chubby hand denotes 
little energy of character, and a soft, 
yielding, ■ inactive disposition; while, 
on the contrary, a thin, firm, bony or 
muscular hand indicates a rough, ac¬ 
tive, energetic nature. With respect to 
the texture of the skin,—a hand pos¬ 
sessing a delicate and highly sensitive 
skin is accompanied by a similar struc¬ 
ture of the tegumentary envelope of 
the entire body, and is always associ¬ 
ated with an excitable organization, 
with a highly sensitive, mobile disposi¬ 
tion. 

As we have said, the hand partakes 
of the nature of the whole body. 
When the latter is gracefully and 
symmetrically formed, with its several 
parts in nice adaptation and co-ordi¬ 
nation, the former shares its perfec¬ 
tion and is constructed after the same 
general plan; and we accordingly find 
that a powerful, athletic individual is 
furnished with a large hand, with its 
joints or articulations strong and 
prominent; and a delicate, sensitive 
person, with a small, narrow hand, 
with its joints small and but slightly 
prominent. 

TEMPERAMENT AS EXPRESSED IN THE 
HAND. 

In order correctly to determine the 
more particular signs of the mental 
disposition which may be drawn from 
an examination of the hand, we must 
first take into consideration the spe¬ 
cial physiological functions of the or¬ 
gan. On the one hand, it is the most 
delicate instrument of feeling—the 
organ of touch, by means of which 
we judge of so many properties of 
bodies; on the other hand, the finest 


122 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


and most skillful instrument of mo¬ 
tion and prehension; and it may like¬ 
wise be regarded as the organ of art. 

A hand that is rather below the 
average size, and of which the skin is 
soft and delicate, the fingers long, 
and provided with numerous cuticu- 
lar ridges, the bony portion but 
slightly developed, and the joints not 


rather objective in its action than sub¬ 
jective, operating powerfully upon the 
external world, whether by arms, 
agriculture, or the mechanical arts. 
The plump, soft, round hand, that is 
well filled out, but having short fin¬ 
gers, pliable flesh, and a framework 
well covered with fat, indicates a 
mind that is governed by feeling and 



MASCULINE AND FEMININE HAND. 

Photo by Rockwood. 


prominent, is admirably adapted for 
an organ of sensation, but by no 
means suited for an instrument of 
motion, and denotes a mind mobile, 
imaginative, and inclined to abstrac¬ 
tion,—a mind employed chiefly on 
subjective phenomena While a hand 
that is rather above the average in 
size, together with a massive bony 
framework, strong muscles and ten¬ 
dons, and large joints, indicates a 
powerful instrument of prehension,— 
a hand in which sensation is sacrificed 
to motion, and denotes a mind that is 


emotion rather than the mechanical 
arts, energy or executiveness. 

Thus, by tracing the normal devel¬ 
opment and the anatomy and physi¬ 
ology of the hand, we have obtained 
three definite types of formation 
founded upon anatomical and physi¬ 
ological characters, and correspond¬ 
ing to the temperaments, namely:— 
The Psychical, Small or Slender 
Hand, which indicates the Mental 
Temperament; the Sensitive, or Short 
and Fleshy Hand, indicating the Vital 
Temperament; and the Mechanical, 







PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


or Long and Bony Hand, which cor¬ 
responds with the Motive Tempera¬ 
ment. 

To more fully explain, these again 
correspond with the general law gov¬ 
erning the human form: that each 
part harmonizes with every other 
part, and with the whole. It follows 
that hands are subject to the same 
classification as heads and faces, and 
therefore we have the Long Bony 
Hand; the Short, Fleshy Hand; and 
the Small, Slender Hand. 

THE MOTIVE, MECHANICAL, OR LONG 
HAND. 

This hand is above the mean size, 
with fingers of an average length, 
strong, thick and bony, with a square 
tip and prominent joints; the palm is 
of average size, hollow, and tolerably 
firm; while the thumb is large, with 
the muscular root strongly devel¬ 
oped. This form of hand cannot ex¬ 
ist without a strong, massive develop¬ 
ment of the bony and muscular sys¬ 
tem. It is essentially the hand of 
man, as the Sensitive is that of wom¬ 
an. Hence, in the feminine sex it in¬ 
dicates a masculine energy of charac¬ 
ter, as is seen in the hardy peasants of 
Switzerland and the Tyrol. In both 
sexes it denotes a preponderance of 
the masculine or scientific mind over 
the imaginative faculties. Hence it 
loves form and arrangement, pos¬ 
sesses a strong instinctive feeling for 
right and authority, and a profound 
respect for established forms; prefers 
an aristocracy to a democracy, and the 
known to the unknown; takes a de¬ 
light in organizing, in classifying, in 
systematizing, in subjecting thought 
to opinion, and man to his fellow-man. 
Devoid of originality, and with but 
little imagination, it moves only in the 
old beaten path, and its belief is lim¬ 
ited to that which it is capable of com¬ 
prehending. 

The Long Hand betokens a pre¬ 
dominance of the osseous and muscu¬ 
lar system, with its oblong face and 


:L2 3 

tall stature, and indicates the physi¬ 
cal and mental traits attributed to this 
Temperament. Julius Caesar, Oliver 
Cromwell, Lord Brougham, Andrew 
Jackson, Patrick Henry, Abraham 
Lincoln, and President Roosevelt as 
a young man, are examples of this 
type. 

The Long Hand is the hand of Ac¬ 
tion and Power, and possesses a tena¬ 
cious grasp; is adapted to work, and 
shows a love of it, and is distin¬ 
guished for strength rather than for 
delicacy. It knows how to strike hard 
blows; is not afraid of getting hurt, 
and is not sensitive about hurting oth¬ 
ers if necessary. It can love and hate 
in a strong and positive manner, but 
it has no half and half way about it. 
It would rather wield the sword than 
the' pen, as the former calls for 
strength and the latter does not, and 
if it is found among the finer arts it 
expresses strength rather than deli¬ 
cacy. 

THE VITAL OR SENSITIVE HAND. 

This hand is rather below than 
above the average size. The palm is 
soft and narrow, the fingers thin and 
delicate, with the extremity plump, 
rounded and cushiony, the thumb thin 
and small, the skin fine and very vas¬ 
cular, and the i ails narrow and semi¬ 
transparent. This type of hand may 
be looked upon as essentially femi¬ 
nine. It denotes a highly sensitive 
frame, and a delicately organized ner¬ 
vous system. The nervous ramifica¬ 
tions distributed to the surface of the 
body being covered only by a thin 
layer of cuticle or scarf-skin, are 
easily excited by impressions from 
without, and as readily transmit their 
excitement to the central organs, thus 
occasioning a prompt and vivid flow 
of ideas. 

The Vital, or Sensitive Hand, is 
plump, round and chubby, and forms 
a fine contrast to the Motive, Mechan¬ 
ical, or Long Hand. It is recognized 
by its fullness and breadth rather than 


I2 4 : 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


length. The palm is round, soft, and 
bright colored; the fingers plump and 
tapering; the veins, arteries and ten¬ 
dons invisible, and the whole is thick 
and heavy. 

This hand, like the long hand, cor¬ 
responds with the other features of 
the body to which it is attached, name- 


ease and sedentary work rather than 
conflict and hardship, and goes along 
in a persistent way rather than seeks 
an aggressive path. 

We find that Macaulay, Irving, 
Wirt and Browning illustrate this 
kind of a hand. It is the hand that is 
more inclined to hold the pen than the 



THE MOTIVE, OR MECHANICAL HAND. 


ly, the round face, the full abdomen, 
the plump, tapering limbs, and the 
rosy complexion. Its grasp is soft, 
warm and hearty, but it does not mean 
as much as the grasp of the long 
hand. It is lavish with caresses, dem¬ 
onstrative in friendship, and prefers 
play rather than hard work. It loves 


sword, and may write with compara¬ 
tive fluency and brilliancy, but its 
style will not have so much force, 
vigor, wit, piquancy or originality as 
that of the Motive or Long Hand. 

THE MENTAL, OR PSYCHICAL HAND. 

The Psychical Hand is at once the 
most beautiful and the most rare. 




PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


125 , 


Compared with the stature it is small 
and delicate; the fingers are thin, 
without articular prominence, and 
long and tapering; the palm is of 
average dimensions, the thumb well 
formed and .of moderate size. Per¬ 
sons with such a hand are led by . 
ideality; soul is for them everything; 
great interests alone move them; in re¬ 
ligion and politics they are tolerant. 
In literature, Milton, Klopstock and 
Goethe are their representatives. Lov¬ 
ing the ideal and the sublime, they 
oppose to the school of Voltaire and 
Hume that of Lamartine and Cha¬ 
teaubriand. Among the Greeks, 
Plato is their type. 

This form of hand .is met with 
among all classes of society, but is 
rarely the prevailing one among any 
people. In Asia, it is most common 
in India; and in Europe, in Germany. 

The Mental Hand is small and slen¬ 
der, and possesses a predominance of 
the nervous system. It is found 
united with a face that is conical or 
pyriform, features that are expressive, 
and a form that is graceful. Many 
poets, artists and literary persons have 
this kind of hand, such as Dr. Oliver 
Wendell Holmes, Joseph C. Neal, 
Marconi, Mrs. Hemans, Mrs. Osgood, 
and Mrs. Humphrey Ward. 

As can be easily imagined, this 
hand is not adapted to hard and la¬ 
borious work, but all the fine artistic 
and mechanical tools it can handle 
with great skill. Electrical Engineer¬ 
ing comes easy to such a hand, be¬ 
cause of its extraordinary touch. It 
is on account of the brain-control that 
it finds the work of the pen and the 
pencil easy to do; thus artistic, liter¬ 
ary, poetic, musical, and light mechan¬ 
ical work is appropriate to this type 
of hand. 

Its grasp is cordial for a few spe¬ 
cial friends, while for one it is ten¬ 
der and affectionate; but it has not 
the hard, crushing grasp of the Mo¬ 
tive or Long Hand, nor the genial 


and expressive grasp of the Vital or 
Plump Hand. It seldom gets soiled, 
and if it does, the soil quickly rubs 
off. There is but little color in this 
hand when compared with the Vital, 
or rosy hand. 

THE SPATULATE HAND. 

A gradual transition is afforded 
from this to the Motive type by 
means of the Spatulate Hand, which 
partakes both of the Motive and Sen¬ 
sitive character. The Spatulate 
Hand, when fully developed, is fur¬ 
nished with smooth fingers, with a 
rounded, cushiony termination, and a 
large thumb. It denotes a love of 
corporeal movement, and of active oc¬ 
cupation,—of horses, dogs and field 
sports; it prefers the useful to the 
agreeable, and is not content with the 
merely necessary, but demands abun¬ 
dance. It is distinguished by an ap¬ 
pearance of simplicity and frankness 
of character, and likewise by its chas¬ 
tity. It is a native of the North, is 
more common in Scotland than in 
England, in England than in France, 
and in France than in Italy or Spain. 
Wherever it is the prevailing type, as 
in England and America, the political 
institutions are free. It is essentially 
Protestant, so tha^ it may be truly 
said that the people of the North are 
physically Protestant, and those of 
the South Catholic. It must also be 
remarked that before the revocation 
of the Edict of Nantes, the Protes¬ 
tants of France were likewise its chief 
manufacturers, for the same spirit 
that led them to embrace Protestant¬ 
ism impelled them to the cultivation of 
mechanical and scientific pursuits. It 
prefers size and regularity to beauty, 
opulence to luxury, and that which 
excites astonishment to that which 
pleases. 

THE PHILOSOPHICAL HAND. 

Partaking of the character of the 
Motive and Psychical type, we have 
a mixed intermediate form, termed by 
D’Arpentigny “the Philosophical 


126 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


Hand.” This hand is somewhat 
smaller than the Motive; the fingers 
have large joints, and are somewhat 
tapering at their tip; the palm is large 
and elastic, the thumb also large, with 
its two phalanges nearly equal in 
length. Such was the hand of Locke, 
of Condillac, of Descartes, Male- 
branche, and Leibnitz. It denotes a 


parts of the hand. It may be con¬ 
sidered as made up of the palm, the 
thumb, and the fingers. 

THE PALM. 

As regards the palm, we have to 
notice its size, thickness, and degree 
of hardness; its temperature and de¬ 
gree of dryness. In all the lower ani¬ 
mals the palm is large, thick and hard. 



THE VITAL, OR SENSITIVE HAND. 


love of absolute truth for its own 
sake, and of speculations respecting 
the nature of life and the origin of 
things. It adopts opinions only upon 
careful investigation, and reason is its 
only recognized guide. 

PARTS OF THE HAND. 

We pass on to a somewhat more 
L detailed examination of the several 


Hence D’Arpentigny views the palm 
as indicative of the physical appetites 
or animal propensities, and of the de¬ 
gree and intensity of the mental affec¬ 
tions to which they give rise. 

Thus when the palm is narrow and 
thin, the temperament is feeble, the 
imagination without force, and the 
mind rather subtle than imaginative. 






PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


127 


When its size and thickness are in 
harmony with the proportions of the 
thumb and fingers, sensual impres¬ 
sions easily excite the mind, but a 
salutary control is exercised by reason 
and imagination. When it is large 
in comparison with the fingers, sen¬ 
suality and egotism predominate. 
And lastly, when it is large, thick and 
hard, the animal faculties preponder¬ 
ate over reason, and the passions, un¬ 
refined by imagination, have full and 
uncontrolled sway. A moist, warm, 
rosy palm denotes health, youth, deli¬ 
cate sensibility, and energy of the 
vegetative functions. 

THE THUMB. 

The thumb deserves particular no¬ 
tice in treating of the hand. It is the 
presence of a thumb that imparts to 
the hand of the higher animals its 
character of superiority. It is the 
higher development and greater mo¬ 
bility of the human hand that render 
it so much more perfect than that of 
the ape. The thumb being, then, the 
characteristic element of the human 
hand,—the part last developed and 
most strongly typical of its superior¬ 
ity over that of the lower animals, the 
perfect formation of this part of the 
hand must be regarded as a sign of 
the character of the species being well 
marked,—of a strong, active individu¬ 
ality; while the reverse obtains when 
it is small and rudimentary. 

The ball of the thumb is made up 
of strong muscles, and in it the motor 
function of the hand is, as it were, 
concentrated. It gives the expression 
of decision, perception, and the logical 
faculty, according to D’Arpentigny. 
Persons with a small thumb are ruled 
by their feelings, those with a large 
thumb by their intellect. The Motive 
hand is always furnished with a large 
thumb, and hence, probably, the ori¬ 
gin of the term, from domare, to 
rule (Italian), daumen (German); 
power and objective force being im¬ 
parted by it to the hand. 


The Romans applied the term pol - 
lex truncatus to a person who, for the 
purpose of avoiding military service, 
cut off or mutilated his thumb—hence 
our word poltroon. It was by the po¬ 
sition of the thumb that spectators 
determined the fate of conquered 
gladiators; if it were raised, life was 
spared, if it were depressed, it was a 
sentence of death. In the Anglo- 
Saxon laws, it is ordained that mutila¬ 
tion of the thumb shall be punished 
by a fine of Twenty Shillings (or 
Five Dollars) and that of the middle 
finger by a fine of Four Shillings only. 

FINGERS. 

We next direct our attention to the 
four fingers,—to their length, their 
general outline, the size of the joints, 
and the shape of the pieces of which 
the fingers are made up,—the pha¬ 
langes, more especially of the ter¬ 
minal one. 

Prominent joints evince great de¬ 
velopment of the bony and muscular 
structures of the hand; they indicate 
a Motive Temperament. Persons with 
such fingers are remarkable for their 
love of order and arrangement, for a 
mind prone to analysis and reasoning, 
and for actions regulated by the calm 
dictates of judgment, and not im¬ 
pelled by the sudden inspiration of 
enthusiasm. 

Smooth, even fingers, on the con¬ 
trary, with a regular outline and 
articulations but slightly prominent, 
denote that the nervous system is 
more developed than the bony and 
muscular, and that the member is en¬ 
dowed with fine sensibility. Such an 
individual will be more or less swayed 
by imagination, will act rather from 
the impulse of the moment than from 
reason and experience, will be rather 
disposed to view things as a whole 
than to consider in detail their sev¬ 
eral parts,—in fact, will be furnished 
with a mind with more of imagina¬ 
tion and synthetical talent than of 
reason or logical ability. 


128 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


The joints become more distinctly 
marked as age advances. “In fact,” 
says D’Arpentigny, “man becomes the 
more orderly, the less credulous, and 
the more logical in proportion as the 
articular prominences become more 
strongly defined.” 


THE ROUND. 

The enlarged, rounded, cushiony- 
terminated phalanx characterizes the 
sensitive fingers. It indicates a great 
number of the delicate papillae of 
touch, and serves to denote a sensitive 
or vital hand. 



The last phalanx, or terminal piece 
of the fingers, may terminate in either 
of three ways. It may be rounded, 
cushiony, and somewhat enlarged, as 
it were; it may be square and flat¬ 
tened; or it may be delicate, tapering 
and conical. 


THE SQUARE. 

The square terminal phalanx mostly 
accompanies the motive form of hand 
and goes with the Motive Tempera¬ 
ment. 

THE TAPERING. 

The tapering or conical extremity 





PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


129 


indicates the psychical hand, and gen¬ 
erally accompanies the Mental Tem¬ 
perament. 

It is a remarkable fact that among all 
nations the figures of saints, angels, 
and divinities should have been invari¬ 
ably figured with delicate, tapering 
fingers. The hands of witches, dem- 


nails. Thus the nails are sometimes 
long and narrow, as in the psychical 
hand, or the Mental Temperament; 
sometimes short and broad, as seen in 
the sensitive hand or the Vital Tem¬ 
perament; and sometimes square and 
strong, as in the Motive Tempera¬ 
ment. Or they may be brittle or 



A WELL BALANCED HAND. 


ons, and sorcerers have likewise been 
delineated with elongated fingers; but 
they are rough, thin and bony, and 
armed with long nails or claws, like 
the toes of the lower animals. 

NAILS. 

Just as there are dififerent kinds of 
fingers, so there are dififerent kinds of 


thickened, or otherwise diseased. In 
consumptive people they become 
curved, or somewhat claw-like. If 
the characters which they furnish be 
in accordance with those which are 
indicated by the other parts of the 
hand, they are thereby doubly con¬ 
firmed ; if the two differ, they natu¬ 
rally render each other less positive. 




CHAPTER XII 


Physiognomical Study of Character as Seen in (a) 
The Handshake; (b) The Hair. 

By Jessie Allen Fowler. 


THE HANDSHAKE. 

As our last article was on the form 
and character of the hand, we will 
now consider the subject of hand¬ 
shaking, and see whether there is any 
significance in the different modes of 
shaking hands. 

Emerson says: “The visible car¬ 
riage or action of the individual as 
resulting from his organization and 
his will combined, we call manners. 
What are they but thoughts entering 
the hands and feet and controlling the 
movements of the body, the speech, 
and the behavior.” 

It is proverbial that “actions speak 
louder than words.” Therefore it is 
logical to suppose that a single act 
like shaking hands may be character¬ 
istic of the person. 

It has been our experience to shake 
hands with a great variety of people 
who have indicated to us many at¬ 
tributes of mind without knowing 
that they have done so. We recall, 


therefore, some of the following 
kinds of handshake:— 

(i) The Hearty Grasp; (2) the 
Soft, Lax Grasp; (3) the Cold and 
Clammy Grasp; (4) the Vigorous, 
Human Grasp; (5) the Aristocratic 
Grasp; (6) the Refined and Genteel 
Grasp; (7) the Crushing Grasp; (8) 
the Formal Grasp; (9) The Warm¬ 
hearted Grasp; and (10) the Swing 
or Sledge Hammer Handshake. 

THE HEARTY GRASP. 

The Hearty Grasp indicates 
warmth, ardor, executiveness and 
strength of character, and a corre¬ 
spondence of head that shows width 
in diameter from ear to ear; while 
the person with such a breadth of 
head manifests great general activity 
of mind and strength of purpose. 
Such persons are generally among 
those who do something, who accom¬ 
plish great feats of valor or intellec¬ 
tual prowess; they turn corners, and 
smooth out angles, and show people 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



A HEARTY GRASP. 


what can be accomplished with en¬ 
ergy and determination of mind. 
Such men are easily recognized in 
public life, such as Lincoln, Roose¬ 
velt, and Hughes. 

THE SOFT, LAX GRASP. 

The Soft, Lax shake of the hand is 
the opposite of the one just men¬ 
tioned, and indicates the characteris¬ 
tics of a half and half, luke warm, 
and insincere individual who does not 
know his or her own mind, or at least, 
has very little mind to express. There 
is no substantial interest in the person 
without there being any effort to 
change conditions or environments. 

Accompanying such a character we 
find a narrow head above the ears, 
and there is a coresponding lack of 
ambition in such an individual. The 
tide of events may rise or fall around 
such a person, and he or she will not 
try to stay their course. There is 
practically no energy manifested by 
such individuals, and consequently 
there is very little accomplished. 

THE COLD AND CLAMMY GRASP. 

When you shake hands with a per¬ 
son who gives you a cold, clammy, 
lifeless shake, you naturally think of 
a hospital, infirmary, or tomb. Per¬ 
sons who think that it is a good sign 
to have soft, wet and cold hands, 
make a great mistake, for such indi¬ 
cations only show that they are evi¬ 
dences of sickness and disease, a fee¬ 



A VIGOROUS GRASP. 


131 



A SOFT GRASP. 


ble pulse, and poor circulation. Such 
persons are not well, and they need 
to get into a healthy mode of life in 
order to bring about a balance of 
power. The cold handshake accom¬ 
panies a form of bead that is lacking 
in sympathy; hence Benevolence will 
be small, and the social faculties un¬ 
developed. The head will therefore 
be short posteriorly, behind the ears, 
and the top of the head will slant 
forward where the organ of Sympa¬ 
thy and Warm-heartedness is located. 

THE VIGOROUS, HUMAN GRASP. 

The Vigorous, Human Handshake 
shows that the person is alive from 
head to foot. Such a person generally 
gives the palm of the hand, and the 
thumb of one individual locks itself 
into the thumb of the other person in 
a hearty, manly, humane way. This 
style of handshake indicates more 
than is shown in the Hearty Grasp, 
for this individual has not only a vig¬ 
orous body, but a vigorous brain, and 
shows that all his mental rooms are 
occupied, and that he has intellectual 
vigor, sociability of disposition, ar¬ 
dor and interest in what is going on 
around him, as well as a moral regard 
for truth and virtue. Such a person 
will have a full forehead, a high head 
and long posterior lobe. 

THE ARISTOCRATIC GRASP. 

The Aristocratic Handshake is 



A ( OLD GRASP. 



132 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


where about two fingers are extended, 
and the characteristics of such a per¬ 
son indicate that there is a strongly 
developed crown to the head, that my 
noble lady or gentleman think much 
of themselves and do not wish to ex¬ 
tend more courtesy than they think 
is absolutely necessary. In fact, their 
politeness is extended in a small and 
ungenerous way, much to the disgust 
of the true man or woman. There is 
often false pride manifested in such 
a handshake, so that dignity is one 
characteristic that is shown, while ar¬ 
tificial pride and a false ambition are 
still other characteristics. We have 



AN ARISTOCRATIC GRASP. 


found that both Self-Esteem and Ap- 
probativeness may be developed in 
different individuals who shake hands 
in this peculiar fashion. 

THE REFINED AND GENTEEL GRASP. 

The Refined and Genteel Hand¬ 
shake -is sympathetic, cordial, and 
whole-hearted. Such a handshake 
corresponds with a head that has 
large Friendship, Philoprogenitive¬ 
ness and Benevolence, and also large 
Human Nature. Thus the posterior 
head is.generally well developed, and 
the anterior portion of the top region 
of the head is strongly accentuated. 
Persons who shake hands in this way 
generally give expression to “God 
bless you,” “You are welcome,” 
“Take care of yourself,” “Be good to 
yourself,” “God be with you till we 
meet again.” McKinley had a hand¬ 
shake like this. 

THE CRUSHING GRASP. 

Persons who shake hands in a 
crushing way, and double up the two 
extremities of the width of the hand, 
have a misguided amount of energy. 


They forget that it is not necessary 
to show their friends so much warmth 
of feeling that they actually hurt the 
hand that is extended toward them. 
Instead of such an expression of sym¬ 
pathy being a pleasure, it is really one 
of pain, and the memory of such a 
handshake does not pass away very 
quickly, nor is it easily forgotten. 
Ladies having rings on their fingers 
often find it to their advantage to re¬ 
move them when they are about to 
meet persons who habitually grasp 
their hands with such tremendous 
vigor. It is always well to use both 
hands when meeting a person who has 



A REFINED GRASP. 


this uncontrolled energy. Persons 
who encourage this style of shaking 
hands generally possess a Motive 
Temperament, and have a large basi¬ 
lar brain; they see much that is going 
on around them, but fail to thinK 
about results as much as they should. 
They do not intend to hurt, but they 
nevertheless do so, and even when 
they repent on one occasion, they still 
go on committing the same error time 
after time. 

THE FORMAL GRASP. 

The handshake that is formal is 
generally without emotion. It is de¬ 
liberate and calculating. It is simply 
a matter of form, and feeling is put 
one side. Such persons have a short 
posterior lobe, and although they may 
mean well, yet they are lacking in 
common courtesy, and show no signs 
of geniality in their handshake. 

THE WARM-HEARTED GRASP. 

The Warm-hearted shake of the 
hand indicates a generous mind, or, as 
some express it, whole-souledness. 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


133 


and to meet such persons is an in¬ 
spiration. You feel their genuine¬ 
ness of mind, for they are warm¬ 
hearted and ardent as well as vigor¬ 
ous, and are socially inclined. Such 
persons are generally magnetic, elec¬ 
trical, and animated in conversation; 
they warm you up to the point of en¬ 
thusiasm, and incline you to feel that 
life is worth living. Such persons 
generally* have a Vital Temperament, 
and round heads, with a full develop¬ 
ment of the posterior region, and 
ought to teach domestic science and 
be engaged in settlement work, or 
club, church and school work. 

THE SWING OR SLEDGE HAMMER 
HANDSHAKE. 

We sometimes meet people who 
shake the hand as though they were 
drawing water from a pump. They 
shake your hand up and down before 
they let go of it; or sometimes they 
swing your hand from side to side as 
if they were rowing a boat, or swing¬ 
ing a scythe. Such persons generally 
have a good deal of motive energy 
and pugnacity of character; they are 
firm and positive people, and possess a 
good deal of concentration of mind. 
When they get an idea into their 
minds they cannot change it for any¬ 
thing different, and their heads will 
show a development of large Con¬ 
tinuity and Firmness. 

So we shake hands as we feel and 
as we are, and reveal much of our 
character by taking the hand of an¬ 
other. 

This is not merely a modern cus¬ 
tom, it is as old as the hills, as some 
say, for in the Bible we read of Jehu 
saying to Jehonadab: “Is thy heart 
right as my heart is with thy heart? 
If it be, give me thine hand.” This 
was the sealing of a contract, a one¬ 
ness of mind, a sealing of affection. 
So we find that this is a custom that 
is a perfectly natural one; it is the 


union of sensitive and magnetic ex 
pression which is more than merely 
an interchange of feeling. 

THE HAIR—ITS SIGNIFICANCE. 

We have been asked many times to 
describe the physiognomy of the hair, 
and as we have taken up the most im¬ 
portant parts of physiognomical stud¬ 
ies, we would like to devote a few 
pages to the answering of the foliov/- 
ing questions: What is the physiog¬ 
nomical significance of long, short, 
curly, straight, coarse, and fine hair? 
And what are the peculiarities of 
brown, black, golden, red, and gray 
hair? 

In doing so, we wish to show that 
the hair has a meaning, as well as the 
cranium which it covers and adorns. 

As in all animals, so in men and 
women the quality of the hair 
changes with the conditions of the 
body. When a person is in a high 
state of health, and all the vital func¬ 
tions are in good working order, we 
find the hair is bright, glossy, and 
pleasant to the touch. But, on the 
contrary, when the body is diseased, 
the blood impure, or the system fev¬ 
erish, the hair becomes dry, harsh, 
and coarse. With returning health 
the hair resumes its original quality 
and condition. 

These changes are noticeable in do¬ 
mestic animals as well as in man. 
When the horse, for instance, is well 
fed and well groomed, we perceive 
that his hair is fine, sleek and glossy; 
but let'the same animal be half fed, 
and otherwise neglected, and his hair 
will soon show it by becoming rough, 
shaggy and coarse. 

But while a healthy condition of 
body is favorable to the health and 
beauty of the hair, it is not always de¬ 
stroyed, nor its growth sensibly 
checked, by diseased bodily condi¬ 
tions, though its quality may change. 
The truth probably is that some dis- 


134 


PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 



eases, like a fever, for instance, affect 
the special fluids which nourish the 
hair, while others do not, at least in 
the same degree. 

CURLY HAIR. 

Crinkly, wavy and close curling 
hair indicate vivacity, and excitability, 
if not brilliancy. Thus persons hav- 


of feeling, candor, or mirthfulness, 
exhibited in the character, but the 
person is generally thoughtful, sin¬ 
cere and conscientious. 

COARSE AND FINE HAIR. 

As in all things, we find that 
coarseness and fineness of hair be¬ 
token certain characteristics. They 


CURLY HAIR. 

ing this kind of hair are generally 
good conversationalists, and make ex¬ 
cellent company on a picnic, or at an 
evening entertainment. They are not 
prosy or melancholy, but are just the 
reverse. They make many friends, 
and are genial and sympathetic. 

Regular curls, like Keats possessed, 
indicate large Ideality, or artistic 
taste. 

STRAIGHT HAIR. 

Straight hair may be said to indi¬ 
cate, in cultivated persons, evenness 
of character and a straightforward 
honesty of purpose, as well as a clear 
head and good natural talents. There 
is not, perhaps, so much exuberance 


STRAIGHT HAIR. 

generally accompany the same degree 
of quality in the skin, muscles and 
bones. If we examine for a moment 
the dog, the ox, and the hog, we find 
that there is a great difference in the 
hair, the skin, and the bones of each, 
and when compared with the beaver, 
otter, fox, and kitten, the latter four 
stand out as a fine comparison with 
the former. 

In this matter, climate and situation 
have much influence, the warmer the 
climate, the coarser being the hair or 
fur. 

COLOR OF THE HAIR. 

The darker a person’s hair, as a 
rule, the more robust the body, and 












PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


the coarser the skin and tissues. But 
sometimes the hair and skin are at the 
same time dark and fine. This is 
partly owing to the fact that the Mo¬ 
tive Temperament is not so emotional 
as the Vital or Mental. We generally 
find that the dark hair accompanies 
the Motive Temperament, while the 
light, auburn, or brown hair, accom¬ 
panies the Mental or Vital Tempera¬ 
ments. 


135 

workers, while the light races are 
thinkers, poets, artists, writers and 
musicians. 

BLACK HAIR. 

Black hair is an indication of 
strength and a predominance of the 
Motive-Bilious Temperament, as is 
seen in the Spaniard, Malay, Mexi¬ 
can, Indian, and Negro. 



BUSHY AND ABUNDANT HAIR. 


The same rule applies to the lower 
animals; dark horses are well known 
to have better constitutions than white 
or gray ones, and so tar is this dis¬ 
tinction carried that even white feet 
are considered objectionable in 
horses. 

DARK AND LIGHT HAIR. 

The dark haired races are generally 
physically the strongest, but they are 
endowed with less intellectuality than 
the fair haired ones. The fo* mer are 
more inclined to manual labor and ex¬ 
ercise, and the latter to mental exer¬ 
tion. The dark races, as a ru ,; e, are 


RED HAIR. 

Red hair is a sign of ardour, in¬ 
tensity of feeling, passion, and purity 
ot character, and accompanies the 
Sanguo-Vital Temperament, as seen 
in the Scotch, the Irish, the Swede, 
and the Dane. 

AUBURN HAIR. 

Auburn hair is found most fre¬ 
quently in connection with the Lym¬ 
phatic Temperament, and indicates 
delicacy and refinement of taste, and 
if the mind be cultivated, fine moral 
and intellectual powers. It is com¬ 
mon in the Anglo-Saxons, Danes, 



PRACTICAL physiognomy 


136 

Germans, Irish, Highlanders, and 
Scotch. 

DARK BROWN HAIR. 

Dark brown hair combines the 
strength of the black with the ex¬ 
quisite susceptibilities of the light 
hair, and is perhaps, all things con¬ 
sidered, the most desirable. 

GRAY HAIR. 

The change of color of the hair, 
which we are wont to call “turning 


Grayness is not a diseased condi¬ 
tion of the hair, for it continues to 
grow as luxuriantly, and to be as 
moist, sleek, and glossy after the 
change as before; in fact, it often 
grows thicker and stronger, as was 
the case with L. N. Fowler, whose 
hair turned gray at sixty years of 
age, and yet was as abundant at eigh¬ 
ty-five. 

Physiologists know little of the 
immediate cause of the bleaching of 
the hairs. They can only say that the 



Photo by Rock-wood. 

STRAIGHT AND ABUNDANT HAIR. 


gray,” when it does not come pre¬ 
maturely, is as natural as any of the 
changes affected by age, and is neither 
to be avoided nor regretted. In some 
the change takes place much earlier 
than in others, and is often hastened 
by disease and by mental causes. But 
sooner or later it comes to all, to the 
healthy as well as the diseased. 


supply of coloring matter seems, from 
some unknown source, to fail. 

It is observed that dark hair turns 
white sooner than light hair, doubt¬ 
less from the greater demand which 
it makes upon the coloring fluid, and 
which sooner or later exhausts the 
supply. 

The hair sometimes turns suddenly 






PRACTICAL PHYSIOGNOMY 


137 



thoto by Rock-wood. 
STRAIGHT HAIR. 


gray. Bichat has noted five or six 
cases coming under his observation in 
which this took place in less than six 
hours, and one in which the change 
was affected in a single night. The 
cause in these cases was a violent 
mental shock. We have known of 
several cases where the hair changed 



WAVY HAIR. 


from brown to white through a night 
of anguish and sorrow. We also 
know of a family whose hair through 
three generations turned white at an 
early age, say at thirty, without any 
particular mental disturbance. Thus 
this condition may be brought about 
by an hereditary tendency. 












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